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Detecting personal microbiota signatures at artificial crime scenes
تشخیص امضاهای میکروبیوت شخصی در صحنه های جرم ساختگی -2020 When mapped to the environments we interact with on a daily basis, the 36 million microbial cells per
hour that humans emit leave a trail of evidence that can be leveraged for forensic analysis. We employed
16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to map unique microbial sequence variants between human skin and
building surfaces in three experimental conditions: over time during controlled and uncontrolled
incidental interactions with a door handle, and during multiple mock burglaries in ten real residences.
We demonstrate that humans (n = 30) leave behind microbial signatures that can be used to track
interaction with various surfaces within a building, but the likelihood of accurately detecting the specific
burglar for a given home was between 20–25%. Also, the human microbiome contains rare microbial taxa
that can be combined to create a unique microbial profile, which when compared to 600 other individuals
can improve our ability to link an individual ‘burglar’ to a residence. In total, 5512 discriminating, nonsingleton
unique exact sequence variants (uESVs) were identified as unique to an individual, with a
minimum of 1 and a maximum of 568, suggesting some people maintain a greater degree of unique taxa
compared to our population of 600. Approximate 60–77% of the unique exact sequence variants
originated from the hands of participants, and these microbial discriminators spanned 36 phyla but were
dominated by the Proteobacteria (34%). A fitted regression generated to determine whether an intruder’s
uESVs found on door handles in an office decayed over time in the presence or absence of office workers,
found no significant shift in proportion of uESVs over time irrespective of the presence of office workers.
While it was possible to detect the correct burglars’ microbiota as having contributed to the invaded
space, the predictions were very weak in comparison to accepted forensic standards. This suggests that at
this time 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of the built environment microbiota cannot be used as a reliable
trace evidence standard for criminal investigations. Keywords: Forensic microbiology | Built-environment | Host-microbe | Trace evidence | Human microbiome |
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