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نتیجه جستجو - هضم بی هوازی

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 7
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Micro-combined heat and power using dual fuel engine and biogas from discontinuous anaerobic digestion
گرما و قدرت میکرو ترکیبی با استفاده از موتور سوخت دوگانه و بیوگاز از هضم بی هوازی ناپیوسته-2020
The modeling of the Micro-CHP unit operating in dual-fuel mode is performed based on experimental results carried out at the laboratory scale. The engine tests were performed on an AVL engine, with a maximum power of 3.5 kW, using conventional diesel as pilot fuel and synthetic biogas as primary fuel. The biogas flow rate is evaluated using the experimental results from the literature, based on the anaerobic digestion in batch reactor of a mixture of 26% of Oat Straw and 74% of Cow Manure, diluted to contain only 4% of volatile solid. The engine operation was modeled using the Artificial Neuron Network (ANN) method. Experimental engine tests were used as a database for training and validation phases of ANN models. Three different ANN models are developed to model respectively the pilot fuel flow rate, the airflow rate and the exhaust gas temperature. Engine power output, biogas flow rate and biogas methane content were used as the same input layer. Given that the evolution of the biogas flow evolves along the entire digestion duration (50 days), the simulation work is performed by varying the number of digesters to be used in parallel mode. It is obtained that the optimal operation condition, minimizing the number of digesters and using less than 10% of the energy from diesel fuel, is to use 5 digesters and run the engine under load of 70%. It is concluded that a micro-CHP unit of 1 kWe, requires a dual fuel generator with a nominal power of 1 kWe, five digesters and a daily availability of effluents of 171 kg/day, consisting of 45 kg/day of oat straw and 126 kg/day of cow manure. It can also produce up to 2.45 kW of thermal power from the exhaust.
Keywords: Micro CHP | Anaerobic digestion | Dual fuel engine | Artificial Neural Network | Cogeneration
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Electricity generation using biogas from organic fraction of municipal solid waste generated in provinces of China: Techno-economic and environmental impact analysis
تولید برق با استفاده از بیوگاز از کسری آلی پسماندهای جامد شهری تولید شده در استانهای چین: تحلیل تأثیر تکنو اقتصادی و زیست محیطی-2020
This study assessed the electricity generation potential of biogas from organic fraction of municipal solid waste collected for disposal from 2004 to 2018 in 31 provinces of China using landfill gas to energy (LFGTE) and anaerobic digestion (AD) technologies. Economic feasibility assessment of the technologies was carried out using Net Present Value, and Levelized Cost of Energy methods. In addition, environmental impact of waste management options based on global warming potential was assessed under three scenarios. Key findings showed that electricity generation potential of anaerobic digestion technology was higher in all the provinces. Economically, the results showed that both projects are feasible in all the 31 provinces. However, anaerobic digestion project proved to be highly feasible, with more positive net present value, and lower levelized cost of energy. Sensitivity analysis showed that both projects are infeasible with a discount rate beyond 20%. The results also showed that landfill gas without energy recovery has high global warming potential. It was realized that on the average landfill gas to energy technology could reduce global warming potential by 71.5%, while anaerobic digestion technology could reduce global warming potential by 92.7%. This study will offer scientific guidance for investment in anaerobic digestion and landfill gas to energy projects in China and other countries.
Keywords: Electricity generation potential | Organic fraction of municipal solid waste | Biogas | Landfill gas to energy technology | Anaerobic digestion technology | Global warming potential
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Anaerobic digestion based waste-to-energy technologies can halve the climate impact of China’s fast-growing food waste by 2040
هضم بی هوازی مبتنی بر فناوری های هدر دادن به انرژی می تواند تأثیر آب و هوای زباله های مواد غذایی سریع رشد چین را تا سال 2040 کاهش دهد-2020
Food waste (FW) has become a global sustainability challenge due partly to its significant environmental impacts (e.g., greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions) from traditional treatment methodologies such as landfill and incineration. This is particularly the case for developing countries, for example over 90% of FW in China is currently blended with municipal solid waste and disposed of by landfilling and incin- eration. The anaerobic digestion (AD) technologies for energy recovery, however, has often been iden- tified as an effective approach for mitigating FW treatment related GHG emissions. In order to benchmark and quantify such reduction potentials, a dynamic model has been built to characterize the generation and flow of FW and treatment associated GHG emissions in China from 2001 to 2040. Our results show that the total FW generation from household and catering sectors reached 170 ± 30 Mt in 2018 and will steadily increase to approximately 220 ± 42 Mt by 2040. Accordingly, the FW treatment related GHG emissions reached 137 ± 26 Mt CO2e in 2018 and would rise to approximately 180 Mt±33 CO2e by 2040 if waste management continues with the current pattern in a Business As Usual (BAU) scenario. Compared to the BAU scenario, the scenarios subject to AD technology implementation (from conservative to optimistic) could significantly reduce GHG emissions and ensure a proportional contri- bution of this sector to China’s national emission reduction goal (55% by 2025 and 65% by 2030 compared to 2005). Specifically, a cumulative amount of approximately 1.9 Bt CO2e could be mitigated between 2019 and 2040 under the optimistic scenario (with 60%, 80%, and 80%, respectively, of household food waste, catering food waste, and waste cooking oil treated by AD). These findings could not only inform evidence-based policy making to facilitate the waste-to-energy development for FW treatment in China, but also shed light on the sustainable FW management and AD technology implementation in other developing countries.© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Food waste | Waste management | Greenhouse emissions | Climate change mitigation | Anaerobic digestion
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Integrated water, waste and energy management systems : A case study from Curauma, Chile
سیستم های مدیریت یکپارچه آب ، زباله و انرژی: یک مطالعه موردی از Curauma ، شیلی-2020
The demand for energy and water by urban populations will increase in the next few decades, mainly due to migration of people. Enhanced living standards will also increase the demand for both resources. As both energy supply and water are limited, efficient use is a sine qua non for any future development of cities. This study elaborates the resource and environmental impacts of implementing an integrated water, waste and energy management system, using the medium-sized but rapidly growing settlement of Curauma, Chile, as a case study. The Integrated System is designed by separating wastewater at the source and mixing blackwater with organic municipal solid waste to generate electricity and heat by fermentation. By recycling greywater the demand for drinking water can be reduced. The analysed Integrated System could raise the share of renewables in the energy mix up to by 19% (electricity) and 51% (heat), and save fresh water resources by 30%. The depletion potential of the Integrated System regarding water, fossil and metal resources is notably lower (up to 52%) compared to the Conventional System. The same is true with respect to Climate Change, Freshwater Ecotoxicity, Freshwater Eutrophication and Human Toxicity: up to 45%. The impacts of the Integrated System related to Terrestrial Acidification are up to 174% higher due to emissions in the anaerobic digestion process, and heat and power generation with biogas.
Keywords: Water-energy nexus | Urban wastewater system | Organic municipal solid waste | Anaerobic digestion | Environmental assessment
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Complementing energy production with nutrient management: Anaerobic digestion system for algal turf scrubber biomass
تکمیل تولید انرژی با مدیریت مواد مغذی: سیستم هضم بی هوازی برای زیست توده scrubber چمن جلبک-2020
Algal turf scrubbers (ATS) and anaerobic digesters (AD), when combined, remove nutrients from eutrophic water while producing renewable energy through biogas production. Algal biomass was produced from an ATS system that used tipping buckets to introduce riverine water in pulses onto a flow-way with a mesh screen installed to facilitate algal attachment. This study was the first to determine methane (CH4) production from AD of a microand macro-algae polyculture, harvested from an ATS, using lab-scale reactors under batch and semi-continuous feeding regimes. The lab-scale study was followed by a pilot-scale (7m3) ATS-AD study, the largest scale study of biogas production from ATS-derived algae. Batch digestion of ‘wet’ algae (93% moisture) produced 158 ± 13 L CH4/kg VS, which was higher than algae with a lower moisture content (≤62% moisture). Continuing use of ‘wet’ algae as the substrate, the 2 L semi-continuously-fed lab system yielded a maximum CH4 production value of 144 ± 7 L CH4/kg VS, with 60%–62% CH4 in the biogas. The 7m3 pilot-scale system produced 107 ± 15 L CH4/kg VS, with 66.4% CH4 in the biogas. Scale-up calculations showed that a 1 ha ATS system could capture 8.73 kg N, 1.18 kg P, and 52.5 kg C/ha-d, with the resulting algae being used in AD to produce biogas for direct heating (2.8*108 J) or to power a 1.13 kW generator. While the total energy output from the 1 ha ATS-AD system is relatively low, energy production from the AD system is a supplemental benefit to an ATS system that captures nutrients from eutrophic water. This ATS-AD system could contribute to the overall Chesapeake Bay cleanup, especially in nutrient hot-spots, like the Baltimore Harbor, where high nutrient concentrations support high algal productivity, which would provide substrate for on-site energy production from AD.
Keywords: Methane | Algae | ATS | Nutrients | Biogas
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Combustion of fuel blends containing digestate pyrolysis oil in a multi-cylinder compression ignition engine
احتراق مخلوط سوخت حاوی روغن digestate تولید کننده گاز در یک موتور احتراق تراکمی چند سیلندره-2016
Digestate from the anaerobic digestion conversion process is widely used as a farm land fertiliser. This study proposes an alternative use as a source of energy. Dried digestate was pyrolysed and the resulting oil was blended with waste cooking oil and butanol (10, 20 and 30 vol.%). The physical and chemical properties of the pyrolysis oil blends were measured and compared with pure fossil diesel and waste cooking oil. The blends were tested in a multi-cylinder indirect injection compression ignition engine. Engine combustion, exhaust gas emissions and performance parameters were measured and compared with pure fossil diesel operation. The ASTM copper corrosion values for 20% and 30% pyrolysis blendswere 2c, compared to 1b for fossil diesel. The kinematic viscosities of the blends at 40 °C were 5–7 timeshigher than that of fossil diesel. Digested pyrolysis oil blends produced lower in-cylinder peak pressures than fossil diesel and waste cooking oil operation. The maximum heat release rates of the blends were approximately 8% higher than with fossil diesel. The ignition delay periods of the blends were higher; pyrolysis oil blends started to combust late and once combustion started burnt quicker than fossil diesel. The total burning duration of the 20% and 30% blends were decreased by 12% and 3% compared to fossil diesel. At full engine load, the brake thermal efficiencies of the blends were decreased by about 3–7% when compared to fossil diesel. The pyrolysis blends gave lower smoke levels; at full engine load, smoke level of the 20% blend was 44% lower than fossil diesel. In comparison to fossil diesel and at full load, the brake specific fuel consumption (wt.) of the 30% and 20% blends were approximately 32% and 15% higher. At full engine load, the CO emission of the 20% and 30% blends were decreased by 39% and 66% with respect to the fossil diesel. Blends CO2 emissions were similar to that of fossil diesel; at full engine load, 30% blend produced approximately 5% higher CO2 emission than fossil diesel. The study concludes that on the basis of short term engine experiment up to 30% blend of pyrolysis oil from digestate of arable crops can be used in a compression ignition engine.© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: CI engine | Anaerobic digestion | Intermediate pyrolysis | Digestate | Combustion | Emission
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Linking climate change mitigation and coastal eutrophication management through biogas technology: Evidence from a new Danish bioenergy concept
لینک کردن کاهش تغییرات اقلیمی و مدیریت انباشت ساحلی از طریق فن آوری بیوگاز: شواهدی از یک مفهوم جدید انرژی زیستی دانمارکی-2016
The interest in sustainable bioenergy solutions has gained great importance in Europe due to the need to reduce GHG emissions and to meet environmental policy targets, not least for the protection of groundwater and surface water quality. In the Municipality of Solrød in Denmark, a novel bioenergy concept for anaerobic co-digestion of food industry residues, manure and beach-cast seaweed has been developed and tested in order to quantify the potential for synergies between climate change mitigation and coastal eutrophication management in the Køge Bay catchment. The biogas plant, currently under construction, was designed to handle an annual input of up to 200,000 t of biomass based on four main fractions: pectin wastes, carrageenan wastes, manure and beach-cast seaweed. This paper describes how this bioenergy concept can contribute to strengthening the linkages between climate change mitigation strategies and Water Framework Directive (WFD) action planning. Our assessments of the projected biogas plant indicate an annual reduction of GHG emissions of approx. 40,000 t CO2 equivalents, corresponding to approx. 1/3 of current total GHG emissions in the Municipality of Solrød. In addition, nitrogen and phosphorous loads to Køge Bay are estimated to be reduced by approx. 63 t yr.−1 and 9 t yr.−1, respectively, contributing to the achievement of more than 70% of the nutrient reduction target set for Køge Bay in the first WFD river basin management plan. This study shows that anaerobic co-digestion of the specific food industry residues, pig manure and beach-cast seaweed is feasible and that there is a very significant, cost-effective GHG* Corresponding author at: Roskilde University, Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Universitetsvej 1, P.O. Box 260, DK, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.E-mail addresses: bjstka@ruc.dk, bjarke.stoltze@gmail.com (B.S. Kaspersen).http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.015 0048-9697/© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.and nutrient loading mitigation potential for this bioenergy concept. Our research demonstrates how an integrated planning process where considerations about the total environment are integrated into the design and decision processes can support the development of this kind of holistic bioenergy solutions.© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Biogas | Anaerobic digestion | Climate change mitigation | Greenhouse gas (GHG) | Water framework directive | Eutrophication | Nutrients | Agriculture
مقاله انگلیسی
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