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نتیجه جستجو - وب

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 2694
ردیف عنوان نوع
71 Moisture dependence of electrical resistivity in under-percolated cement-based composites with multi-walled carbon nanotubes
وابستگی مقاومت الکتریکی به رطوبت در کامپوزیت های پایه سیمانی کم نفوذ با نانولوله های کربنی چند جداره-2021
Cement-based piezoresistive composites have attracted significant attention as smart construction materials for embedding self-sensing capability in concrete infrastructure. Although a number of studies have been conducted using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a functional filler for self-sensing cement-based composites, studies addressing the influence of the internal moisture state on the electrical properties are relatively scant. In this study, we aim to experimentally investigate the effect of internal moisture state on the electrical resistivity of cement-based composites containing MWCNTs as an electrically conductive medium to raise a need for calibration of self-sensing data considering the internal moisture state. To this end, the moisture dependence of electrical resistivity in under-percolated cement-based composites was mainly evaluated, along with other material properties such as strength, shrinkage, and flowability. Results revealed that the electrical resistivity increased almost linearly as the internal relative humidity (IRH) decreased, and the increase was more pronounced below the percolation threshold. In addition, it was found that the strength gained by the microfiller effect of MWCNTs was significantly reduced particularly in under-percolated mixtures, leading to overall strength reductions. Furthermore, this study showed that the more the MWCNT was added, the smaller the flowability was obtained due to the increased viscosity of the mixture. The findings of this study are expected to provide pivotal information for accurate and reliable interpretations of self-sensing data generated by MWCNT-embedded cement-based composites.
Keywords: carbon nanotubes | cement-based composites | electrical resistivity | internal relative humidity | percolation threshold | self-sensing
مقاله انگلیسی
72 Social movement activists’ conceptions of political action and counter-accounting through a critical dialogic accounting and accountability lens
تصورات فعالان جنبش اجتماعی از کنش سیاسی و مقابله با حسابداری از طریق یک دریچه حسابداری گفتگوی انتقادی و پاسخگویی-2021
In the face of growing disaffection with neoliberalism and corporate social and environmental accounting, critical accounting recognizes the potential of counter-accounting to open spaces for democratic contestation and to advance progressive change. Critical dialogic accounting and accountability (CDAA), for example, views counter-accounting as providing social movements with opportunities to challenge neoliberal hegemony, to mobilize multiple publics and to construct new social realities. However, the democratizing potential of counter-accounting is contested within academia, and social movements’ views of counter-accounting as a politicizing practice are not well understood. We extend CDAA theorizing by elaborating on the value of counter-accounting in advancing democratic struggles against neoliberalism and illustrating how an agonistic lens can be useful in framing social movements’ actions in these struggles. Social movements’ conceptualizations of political action and counter-accounting are empirically investigated through interviews with 25 social movement activists. Based on the interviews and our CDAA lens, we propose possible areas for critical accounting collaborations with social movements as they seek to effect progressive change.
keywords: حسابداری دیجیتالی انتقادی و پاسخگویی | مبنی بر حسابداری | عذاب | جنبش های اجتماعی | نئولیبرالیسم | Critical dialogic accounting and accountability | Counter-accounting | Agonistics | Social movements | Neoliberalism
مقاله انگلیسی
73 Wood supply chain risks and risk mitigation strategies: A systematic review focusing on the Northern hemisphere
خطرات زنجیره تامین چوب و استراتژی های کاهش خطر: یک مرور سیستماتیک با تمرکز بر نیمکره شمالی-2021
This paper presents a systematic literature review on both the risks affecting wood supply security and risk mitigation strategies by quantitative and qualitative data analysis. It describes wood-specific supply chain risks, thereupon resulting impacts and counteracting strategies to ensure supply. Risks, impacts, and strategies are documented as basis for a comparative analysis, discussion of results, challenges and research gaps. Finally, the suitability and the limitations of the chosen methodology and the achieved results are discussed. Scanning wood supply chain risks and supply strategies, most of the reviewed papers focus on wood supply for bioenergy generation and only a few studies investigate wood supply chain risk issues for the sawing, wood panel, pulp and paper industries, or biorefineries.This review differs significantly from other reviews in this field as it considers the entire wood value chain including recent studies on new chemical wood-based products and thus provides a more complete picture of the wood-based bioeconomy. Consequently, it contributes to the literature by providing an overarching investigation of the risks affecting wood supply security and possible side effects of a growing wood-based bioeconomy. It was found that comprehensive value chain analyses considering established wood products, large-volume bioenergy products, as well as established and new chemical wood-based products in the context of wood supply security are missing. Studies that map the entire wood value chain with its multilevel interdependences and integrating cascading use of wood are lacking.
Keywords: Wood supply | Wood supply chain risk | Supply risk mitigation | Wood supply strategy | Wood-based bioeconomy
مقاله انگلیسی
74 The dynamic linkages between current account deficit and budget balance deficit in the South Asian region
ارتباط پویا بین کسری حساب جاری و کسری تراز بودجه در منطقه جنوب آسیا-2021
The issue of twin imbalances is at the forefront of fiscal policy concerns in the South Asian region, fuelled by an ever-going budget deficit and current account deficit over the last five decades. A standard approach is to assume a model in which budget balance influences the current account. We relax this assumption by using a panel data vector autoregression model comprising five South Asian countries. The results show that both budget deficit and current account deficit are mutually causative, which contrasts the unidirectional causality running from fiscal deficit to current account deficit found in prior studies. Further, this bi-causality relationship is also demonstrated in the impulse response analyses. Budget balance in South Asian economies re- sponds positively to a one standard deviation positive shock in the current account balance. Likewise, external balance increases to a one standard deviation positive shock in internal bal- ance. Higher fiscal debt impedes economic growth, which in turn impacts negatively on the budget balance. Our findings lead us to reject ’fiscal policy only’ recommendations to address the twin deficits.
keywords: کسری دوقلو | مدل P-VAR | آزمون علیت پانل گرنجر | تابع پاسخ ضربه ای | آسیای جنوبی | Twin deficits | P-VAR model | Panel Granger causality test | Impulse response function | South Asia
مقاله انگلیسی
75 Emergency care providers perspectives of acute pain assessment and management in the prehospital setting, in the Western Cape, South Africa: A qualitative study
دیدگاه های ارائه دهندگان مراقبت های اورژانس ارزیابی درد و مدیریت درد حاد در محیط پیش دبستانی، در کیپ غربی، آفریقای جنوبی: یک مطالعه کیفی-2021
Introduction: A growing body of evidence suggests that pain knowledge and management are poor, perhaps more so in the prehospital setting. The daily challenges that emergency care providers face in dealing with prehospital pain remain unclear. This study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of acute prehospital pain assessment and management in the Western Cape, South Africa. Methods: A series of focus group discussions, using a constructivist paradigm and qualitative content analysis were conducted. Results: The key themes emerging from six focus groups (total 25 emergency care providers) related to the difficulties of assessing pain in this setting, factors affecting clinical reasoning in this (hostile) setting, the re- alities of prehospital pain care for non-advanced life support practitioners, along with emergency departments’ lack of understanding and appreciation of the prehospital environment, and participants’ suggestions to improve pain practice. Conclusion: Several barriers and enablers, some novel, to pain assessment and management in the South African prehospital setting were identified. Our findings provide valuable insight and understanding of the challenges related to pain care prehospital providers face, in other similar prehospital settings, but also to the global body of knowledge on prehospital barriers and enablers of pain assessment and management.
keywords: پیش بیمارستان | آمبولانس (مش) | خدمات اورژانس پزشکی (مش) | درد حاد (مش) | اندازه گیری درد (مش) | ضد درد (مش) | Prehospital | Ambulances (MeSH) | Emergency Medical Services (MeSH) | Acute pain (MeSH) | Pain Measurement (MeSH) | Analgesics (MeSH)
مقاله انگلیسی
76 Layer number dependent optical and electrical properties of CVD grown two-dimensional anisotropic WS2
خواص نوری و الکتریکی وابسته به تعداد لایه WS2 ناهمسانگرد دوبعدی رشد CVD-2021
Engineering 2D transition metal dichalcogenides with precise control over layer number enable tuning of exciting optical and electrical properties at the nanoscale level. We report controlled one-step chemical vapour deposition growth of WS2 monolayer, bilayer, and trilayer for large scale manufacturing and demonstrate layer dependent changes in their work function, photoluminescence, and electrical conductivity. Raman, photoluminescence, and fluorescence imaging revealed that the base WS2 monolayer contains alternating triangular domains with different emission properties. It is observed that bilayer and trilayer grow selectively on less luminescent facet leading to fan-like morphology for second and third layers. We have systematically demonstrated that desired growth and areal coverage of bilayer and trilayer can be achieved by controlling WO3 precursor content. Kelvin probe force microscopic studies suggest a higher work function of thicker layers as compared to the monolayer. It was found that work function increases by 0.04 eV when thickness increases from monolayer to bilayer. FET device measurement on mono and bilayer shows n-type characteristics and two-fold higher photo-current in monolayer in comparison to the bilayer. The studied thickness dependence of the work function of WS2 is vital to the fabrication of metal contacts for WS2 based electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Keywords: CVD growth | 2D materials | PL segmentation | Optoelectronics | Transition metal dichalcogenides | KPFM
مقاله انگلیسی
77 Joint analysis of the non-linear debt-growth nexus and capital account liberalization: New evidence from sub-Saharan region
تحلیل مشترک پیوند غیرخطی رشد بدهی و آزادسازی حساب سرمایه: شواهد جدید از منطقه جنوب صحرا-2021
This paper conducts an empirical investigation of the debt-growth nexus at firm level. We exploit a panel of sub-Saharan firms observed over the period 2004–2014 to jointly assess the impact of debt and financial liberalization on firm growth measured in terms of sales. Using a system GMM estimator, we find an inverted U-shaped relationship between debt and firm growth. However, the form of this relationship was reversed (U-shaped) by examining the joint effect of debt and capital account liberalization. This change results from the adoption of the policy of financial liberalization put in place by the regulatory authorities of the sub-Saharan countries. In addition, our results show that investment impact firm growth. Consequently, agency and trade-off theories are admitted. These findings may yield important policy implications. Policy makers must optimize financial decisions and adopt a gradual financial liberalization policy, thus ensuring the survival of sub-Saharan firms.
keywords: Firm financial structure | Financial liberalization | firm growth | sub-Saharan Africa | System GMM
مقاله انگلیسی
78 Ear biometric for personal identification using canny edge detection algorithm and contour tracking method
بیومتریک گوش برای شناسایی شخص با استفاده از الگوریتم تشخیص لبه و روش ردیابی کانتور-2021
This paper is based on Human ear recognition in a new biometric technology by attracting the interest of biometrics community. Biometrics involves the programmed investigation of strategies in order to understand individual’s dependent on physical or social characteristics. Finding a decent biometric strat- egy, it has been extensively investigated in an ongoing year. The ear is a steady organ, it does not change with age and feelings, among a few biometric highlights.© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Emerging Trends in Materials Science, Technology and Engineering.
Keywords: Biometric | Ear Authentication | Canny edges Microcontroller | UART (Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter) | Motor GSM (Global System for Mobile)
مقاله انگلیسی
79 Knowledge-Based Management of Virtual Training Scenarios
مدیریت دانش محور سناریوهای آموزش مجازی-2021
Virtual reality (VR) gains increasing attention as a method of implementing training systems in different domains, in particular, when real training is potentially dangerous for the trainees or the environment, or requires expensive equipment. The essential element of professional training is domain-specific knowledge, which can be represented using the semantic web approach. It enables reasoning as well as complex queries against the representation of training scenarios, which can be valuable for teaching purposes. However, the available methods and tools for creating VR training systems do not use semantic knowledge representation. Currently, the creation, modification, and management of training scenarios require skills in programming and computer graphics. Hence, they are unavailable to domain experts without expertise in IT. In this paper, we propose an ontology-based representation and a method of modeling VR training scenarios. In our approach, trainees’ activities, potential mistakes as well as equipment and its possible errors are represented using domain knowledge understandable to domain experts. We illustrate the approach by modeling VR training scenarios for electrical operators of high-voltage installations.
Keywords: semantic web | knowledge representation | ontologies | training | virtual reality | 3D content
مقاله انگلیسی
80 Linking standard Economic Account for Forestry and ecosystem accounting: Total forest incomes and environmental assets in publicly-owned conifer farms in Andalusia-Spain
پیوند حساب استاندارد اقتصادی برای حسابداری جنگلداری و اکوسیستم: کل درآمد جنگل ها و دارایی های محیطی در مزارع عمومی متعلق به مالکیت در اندلس اسپانیا-2021
A major problem faced by government as trustee of society charged with conserving the nation’s forest envi- ronmental asset is that the standard Economic Account for Forestry (EAF) fails to measure the contribution of nature to total forest incomes and environmental assets. In the context of this government mission, the debate arises with regard to how to uncover the contribution of nature to the total forest incomes enjoyed by people through a refined accounting framework which extends the EAF. The latter is applied by the statistics office to estimate the values added of timber, firewood, cork, resin, industrial nut and other non-woody final products of the forest at national/sub-national scale. Bearing in mind this narrow scope of the EAF, this research proposes the application of the experimental Agroforestry Accounting System (AAS), which extends the forest incomes and environmental asset estimates by applying simulated exchange values stated/revealed by consumers for non- market public goods and services. We apply the EAF and AAS frameworks to 12 large publicly-owned pro- tected conifer forest farms which are not available for sale on the competitive land market and which cover an area of 47,262 ha in Andalusia-Spain. In this conifer farm case study, the EAF considers the economic activities of timber, firewood, aromatic plants and residential service. The AAS adds to the EAF activities those of grazing, conservation forestry, hunting, livestock, agricultural crops, livestock-keeper private amenity, fire services, free access recreation, mushrooms, carbon, landscape conservation, threatened wild biodiversity and water supply runoff stored lower down the watershed in public reservoirs. The objectives of this conifer farm case study are, first, to compare the final products and incomes estimated by applying the EAF and AAS frameworks and, second, to measure the sensitivity of conifer farm environmental assets to changes in land ownership rights and dis- counting rates in accordance with the AAS results. The conifer farm results show total income measured by the AAS is 38 times higher than the EAF net value added (NVA) for the 2010 period. The AAS economic activities of forestry conservation, fire services and landscape conservation activities generate 71% of the conifer farm labour compensation. The AAS opening environmental asset measured at the assumed competitive real baseline dis- counting rate of 3% is 6371.6 €/ha, which is 3.7 times lower than it would be if the conifer farm was available for sale on the competitive land market. The change in the baseline discounting rate chosen, from 3% to 1.5%, would lead to an increase of 116% in the value of the opening environmental asset. The above results reveal the inconsistent EAF measurement of total conifer farm incomes. The sensitivity analysis underlines the important effects on the environmental asset arising from changes in land ownership rights and discounting rates.
keywords: حساب اقتصادی برای جنگلداری | سیستم حساب های ملی | سیستم حسابداری جنگلداری | خدمات محیط زیستی | درآمد زیست محیطی | Economic account for forestry | System of national accounts | Agroforestry accounting system | Ecosystem services | Environmental income
مقاله انگلیسی
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