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1 |
Evaluation of six commercial SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests in nasopharyngeal swabs: Better knowledge for better patient management?
ارزیابی شش تست آنتی ژن سریع SARS-COV-2 در سواب های نازوفارنکس: دانش بهتر برای مدیریت بهتر بیمار؟-2021 Robust antigen point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 tests have been proposed as an efficient tool to address the COVID-19
pandemic. This requirement was raised after acknowledging the constraints that are brought by molecular
biology. However, worldwide markets have been flooded with cheap and potentially underperforming lateral
flow assays. Herein we retrospectively compared the overall performance of five qualitative rapid antigen SARS-
CoV-2 assays and one quantitative automated test on 239 clinical swabs. While the overall sensitivity and
specificity are relatively similar for all tests, concordance with molecular based methods varies, ranging from
75,7% to 83,3% among evaluated tests. Sensitivity is greatly improved when considering patients with higher
viral excretion (Ct≤33), proving that antigen tests accurately distinguish infectious patients from viral shedding.
These results should be taken into consideration by clinicians involved in patient triage and management, as well
as by national authorities in public health strategies and for mass campaign approaches. keywords: SARS-DONE-2 | تست های آنتی ژن سریع | rt-pcr | کووید -19 | SARS-CoV-2 | Rapid antigen tests | RT-PCR | COVID-19 |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Accounting for cross-immunity can improve forecast accuracy during influenza epidemics
حسابداری برای مصونیت متقابل می تواند دقت پیش بینی را در طول اپیدمی های آنفلوانزا بهبود بخشد-2021 Previous exposure to influenza viruses confers cross-immunity against future infections with related strains.
However, this is not always accounted for explicitly in mathematical models used for forecasting during
influenza outbreaks. We show that, if an influenza outbreak is due to a strain that is similar to one that
has emerged previously, then accounting for cross-immunity explicitly can improve the accuracy of real-time
forecasts. To do this, we consider two infectious disease outbreak forecasting models. In the first (the ‘‘1-group
model’’), all individuals are assumed to be identical and cross-immunity is not accounted for. In the second
(the ‘‘2-group model’’), individuals who have previously been infected by a related strain are assumed to
be less likely to experience severe disease, and therefore recover more quickly, than immunologically naive
individuals. We fit both models to estimated case notification data (including symptomatic individuals as
well as laboratory-confirmed cases) from Japan from the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, and then generate
synthetic data for a future outbreak by assuming that the 2-group model represents the epidemiology of
influenza infections more accurately. We use the 1-group model (as well as the 2-group model for comparison)
to generate forecasts that would be obtained in real-time as the future outbreak is ongoing, using parameter
values estimated from the 2009 epidemic as informative priors, motivated by the fact that without using prior
information from 2009, the forecasts are highly uncertain. In the scenario that we consider, the 1-group model
only produces accurate outbreak forecasts once the peak of the epidemic has passed, even when the values
of important epidemiological parameters such as the lengths of the mean incubation and infectious periods
are known exactly. As a result, it is necessary to use the more epidemiologically realistic 2-group model to
generate accurate forecasts. Accounting for cross-immunity driven by exposures in previous outbreaks explicitly
is expected to improve the accuracy of epidemiological modelling forecasts during influenza outbreaks.
keywords: مدلسازی ریاضی | پیش بینی آنفلوانزا | Real-timeForecast | مصونیت متقابل | 2009 H1N1 پاندمی | Mathematicalmodelling | Influenzaforecasting | Real-timeforecast | Cross-immunity | 2009H1N1pandemic |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
The use of IT systems in financial and accounting services for enterprises in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic
استفاده از سیستم های فناوری اطلاعات در خدمات مالی و حسابداری برای شرکت ها در شرایط همه گیر COVID-19-2021 In Poland, remote teams and work outside of the company were rare by this time. Almost all organizations had to virtualize at a
faster rate by delegating their employees to work remotely, facing many challenges that they had to overcome in a short time.
This article aims to check the directions and effects of changes in the digitalization of financial-accounting processes concerning
the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate of use financial-accounting programs in remote work and upgrade of work organization,
availability to internet platforms, identification security level of data, defining barriers that influence the limit of digitalization
processes and financial-accounting programs were made.
Keywords: finance | IT systems | financial and accounting programs | company | pandemic | COVID-19. |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
Consumption responses to COVID-19 payments: Evidence from a natural experiment and bank account data
پاسخ های مصرف به پرداخت های Covid-19: شواهد از یک آزمایش طبیعی و اطلاعات حساب بانکی-2021 The COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdowns have had severe impacts on household budgets around the world.
A large number of studies have documented drastic declines in income, spending, and debt payments in various countries,
including the United States ( Baker et al., 2020a; Chetty et al., 2020; Coibion et al., 2020a; Cox et al., 2020 ), the United King-
dom ( Hacioglu et al., 2020; Carvalho et al., 2020 ), Spain ( García-Montalvo and Reynal-Querol, 2020 ), Sweden and Denmark
( Sheridan et al., 2020 ), and Japan ( Watanabe, 2020 ). Moreover, the pandemic shock disproportionately affected groups with
certain socioeconomic backgrounds and from different sectors; for instance, those in the face-to-face service industry, those keywords: مصرف | بانک | کووید -19 | محرک | تمایل حاشیه ای برای مصرف | آزمایش طبیعی | ژاپن | Consumption | Bank | COVID-19 | Stimulus | Marginal propensity to consume | Natural experiment | Japan |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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مدلسازی شیفتهای کاری در پروژههای ساخت با استفاده از یک رویکرد مبتنی بر عامل برای به حداقل رساندن انتشار COVID19
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 10 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 25 گسترش COVID19 نحوه ارتباط ما با افراد دیگر و محیط ساختهمان را تغییر دادهاست، تغییر از حالت شخصی به فعالیتهای عمدتا مجازی. با این حال، برخی از فعالیتها عملا غیر ممکن هستند، مانند فعالیتهای ساختوساز. در نتیجه، صنعت ساختوساز به شدت تحتتاثیر پاندمی ناشی از COVID19 قرار گرفتهاست. در پاسخ به اثرات پاندمی، بخش ساختوساز باید جایگزینهایی را شناسایی کند که میتواند انتشار COVID19 را در میان کارگران در پروژههای ساختوساز به حداقل برساند. یعنی، با اختصاص دادن تقریبا نیمی از کارگران درگیر در یک پروژه به شیفت شب، می توان متوسط تعداد کارگران سالم را در یک پروژه تا ۲۰ نفر افزایش داد. تعیین تاثیر جایگزینهایی که ممکن است گسترش COVID19 را در میان کارگران ساختوساز کاهش دهد میتواند اجرای چنین جایگزینهایی را توسط مدیران ساختوساز تشویق کند.
کلمات کلیدی: ساخت | COVID19 | شیفتهای کاری | مدلسازی مبتنی بر عامل |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
6 |
The spring ‘stay at home’ coronavirus campaign communicated by pending accounts
اطلاعرسانی کمپین کروناویروس بهار «در خانه بمانیم» از طریق حسابهای معلق-2021 The UK government instruction to stay at home exemplifies how governments do things by
saying things in a crisis. The force of the government slogan was amplified by its intertextual circulation in wider public discourse to produce an alignment between the duty of
government to protect citizens, the spiritual mission of the Church and the public information role of the press. By analysing the rhetorical and sequential structure of promotional discourse with recourse to speech act, narrative and routine theory, we show how its
authors concurrently use cognitive and empathetic interpellations to induce subjectivation, configuring pending accounts which not only involve recipients in scripts for
restoring order (if … then … programming constructions) but also implicate them in
restorative storylines (just as there and then … so here and now … mimetic constructions).
The result is to overlay on the official inducement new voices of hope, conditioned by
participation in a collaborative community, naturalising compliance.
keywords: در انتظار حساب | تحریک به عمل | تفکر | پاندمی ویروس کرونا | عمل بیان | گفتمان تبلیغاتی | Pending account | Inducement to action | Interpellation | Coronavirus pandemic | Speech act | Promotional discourse |
مقاله انگلیسی |
7 |
کمک درمانی به بیمار کوید 19 با استفاده از تکنولوژیهای توانمند اینترنت اشیا (اینترنت اشیا)
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 5 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 17 اینترنت اشیا میتواند منجر به نوآوری در مراقبتهای بهداشتی شود. بنابراین مقالههای تحقیقاتی در مورد اینترنت اشیا در حوزه بهداشت و درمان و بیماریهای کوید 19 به منظور کشف پتانسیل این تکنولوژی مورد تحقیق قرار میگیرند. این تحقیق مبتنی بر ادبیات ممکن است به متخصصان کمک کند تا راهحلهایی برای مسائل مرتبط پیدا کنند و با اپیدمی کوید 19 مبارزه کنند. با استفاده از یک نمودار فرآیند، دستاوردهای مهم اینترنت اشیا به طور خلاصه ارزیابی شدند. سپس هفت تکنولوژی اینترنت اشیا مهم که در مراقبتهای بهداشتی در طول برنامه کوید 19 مفید به نظر میرسند، شناسایی و نشان داده میشوند. در نهایت، در برنامه کاربردی COVID۱۹، کاربردهای اساسی اینترنت اشیا بالقوه برای صنعت پزشکی با یک توضیح کوتاه شناسایی شدند. این وضعیت ناگوار راهی تازه برای خلاقیت در زندگی روزمره ما باز کردهاست. اینترنت اشیا یک تکنولوژی در حال ظهور است که راهحلهای بهتری در حوزه پزشکی، مانند حفظ سوابق پزشکی مناسب، نمونه، یکپارچهسازی دستگاه، و علت بیماری ارائه میدهد. تکنولوژی مبتنی بر سنسور اینترنت اشیا توانایی قابلتوجهی در کاهش خطر مداخله در شرایط چالش برانگیز دارد و برای نوع همهگیر کوید 19 مفید است. در حوزه پزشکی، تاکید اینترنت اشیا بر کمک به درمان دقیق موقعیتهای مختلف کوید 19 است. این امر کار جراح را با کاهش خطرات و افزایش عملکرد کلی تسهیل میکند. با استفاده از این تکنولوژی، پزشکان میتوانند به آسانی تغییرات پارامترهای حیاتی COVID - ۱۹ را شناسایی کنند. این خدمات مبتنی بر اطلاعات چشم اندازهای جدیدی را برای مراقبتهای بهداشتی فراهم میکنند زیرا آنها به سمت تکنیک ایدهآل برای یک سیستم اطلاعاتی پیش میروند تا نتایج کلاس جهانی را با بهبود سیستمهای درمانی بیمارستان تطبیق دهند.
کلمات کلیدی: کوید 19 | اینترنت اشیا | پاندمی | مراقبت های بهداشتی | مدیریت | پشتیبانی زندگی |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
8 |
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of forensic practitioners during COVID-19 pandemic in Arab countries
دانش، نگرش و عملکرد پزشکان قانونی در طول همه گیری COVID-19 در کشورهای عربی-2021 COVID-19 pandemic burdens forensic practice worldwide. The experience of crisis management is a lesson
learned that guides future preparedness for similar casualties. Thus, the present study takes an in-depth look at
the knowledge, attitude, and practice of forensic practitioners during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Arab world.
A comprehensive questionnaire was adopted in compliance with optimum international standards for the
management of deaths during the pandemic. The survey was electronically distributed in 13 Arab countries. The
responses were received from 29 forensic practitioners from 11 countries. Total median knowledge, attitude, and
practice scores of respondents constituted 37.9%, 74%, and 36.8% of optimum scores respectively. Regarding
knowledge, better scores are related to risk assessment and routes of exposure to Coronavirus, whereas, least
scores were related to ventilation and negative pressure system. Most of the participants had a positive attitude,
85.2% were concerned about proper management of COVID-19 deaths, and 77.8% trusted the decisions of their
teams. Considering practice, better scores are related to forensic staff competence, whereas, least scores were
related to the implementation of ideal safety measures. Participants described the management process as useful
(52%), reliable (35%), high quality (21%), and cost-effective (17%), however, they expressed challenges as staff
infection, limited resources, and infrastructure issues. This survey guides readjusting of procedures and future
preparedness for similar disasters in the Arab world. This research adopted a questionnaire that could be used in
initial and periodic assessments in any medicolegal institute worldwide. Also, it could support infrastructure
projects and disaster management plans. keywords: تمرینکنندگان قانونی | دانش | نگرش | کشورهای عربی | پاندمی کووید 19 | Forensic practitioners | Knowledge | Attitude | Arab countries | COVID-19 pandemic |
مقاله انگلیسی |
9 |
Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications for COVID-19 pandemic
برنامه های هوش مصنوعی برای بیماری همه گیر COVID-19-2020 Background and aims: Healthcare delivery requires the support of new technologies like Artificial Intelligence
(AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data and Machine Learning to fight and look ahead against the
new diseases. We aim to review the role of AI as a decisive technology to analyze, prepare us for prevention
and fight with COVID-19 (Coronavirus) and other pandemics.
Methods: The rapid review of the literature is done on the database of Pubmed, Scopus and Google
Scholar using the keyword of COVID-19 or Coronavirus and Artificial Intelligence or AI. Collected the
latest information regarding AI for COVID-19, then analyzed the same to identify its possible application
for this disease.
Results: We have identified seven significant applications of AI for COVID-19 pandemic. This technology
plays an important role to detect the cluster of cases and to predict where this virus will affect in future
by collecting and analyzing all previous data.
Conclusions: Healthcare organizations are in an urgent need for decision-making technologies to handle
this virus and help them in getting proper suggestions in real-time to avoid its spread. AI works in a
proficient way to mimic like human intelligence. It may also play a vital role in understanding and
suggesting the development of a vaccine for COVID-19. This result-driven technology is used for proper
screening, analyzing, prediction and tracking of current patients and likely future patients. The significant
applications are applied to tracks data of confirmed, recovered and death cases. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI) | AI Applications | COVID-19 | Coronavirus | Pandemic |
مقاله انگلیسی |
10 |
The prospects of waste management in the hospitality sector post COVID-19
چشم انداز مدیریت پسماند در بخش مهمان نوازی پس از COVID-19-2020 COVID-19 has imposed significant detrimental effects on the global hospitality sector. These effects have pri- marily been considered from the socio-economic perspective, ignoring the implications of the pandemic for the environmental performance of hospitality services. By drawing upon emerging evidence from various academicand non-academic sources, this conceptual paper critically evaluates the implications of the preventative and protective measures adopted against COVID-19 for the generation of the hospitality sector’s food and plastic waste. The implications are divided into direct and indirect and considered through the prism of temporality oftheir anticipated occurrence (immediate, short-term and medium-term perspective). The paper proposes po- tential strategies to aid in the management of these wastes in the hospitality sector in a post-pandemic world. To address the issue of food waste, the hospitality sector should be integrated into alternative food networks (AFNs) and short food supply chains (SFSCs). Business coopetition between hospitality enterprises and other actors of the food supply chain is necessary for the success of such integration. To address the issue of plastic waste, thehospitality sector should invest in ‘green’ innovation. This investment needs to be encouraged and supported bytargeted policy interventions. The paper argues that these strategies are critical not only in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, but will also remain valid for the sustained development of the hospitality sector in light of future disastrous events, especially climate change. The paper discusses the institutional and organisational prerequisites for the effective implementation of these strategies and highlights the related research opportunities. Keywords: Solid waste | Food waste | Plastic waste | Business coopetition | ‘Green’ innovation | COVID-19 pandemic |
مقاله انگلیسی |