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State of damage to and support for victims of motor vehicle accidents in Japan
وضعیت آسیب و پشتیبانی قربانیان حوادث وسایل نقلیه موتوری در ژاپن-2019 Individuals are likely to be involved in at least one motor vehicle accident (MVA) during their lifetime.MVAs can
have a significant impact on both the victimsand their families; in the case of death, the bereaved familymay face
mental health problems. Ongoing studies have focused on devising strategies to support victims and their families
who face such problems.
This paper clarifies the reality of mental health issues ofMVA victims and reviews the current state of victimsupport
available in Japan, its significance and other relevant issues.
The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) inMVA survivors has been estimated to be 8%–45% one
month after the accident and 6%–40% six months after the accident. The mental health of the survivors families,
bereaved families, and orphaned children are usually affected afterMVAs. Bereaved families experience not only
PTSD but also symptoms of complicated grief. Based on studies using different scales to measure symptoms and
other items, symptoms of PTSD and complicated grief have been seen in 17%–75% and 6%–61% of bereaved families,
respectively, which were much higher than those observed in the general population. In addition to the actual
physical andmental damage caused byMVAs, it is necessary to take notice of survivors who are exposed to
post-accident secondary victimization.
Justice agencies, such as the National Police Agency andMinistry of Justice Investigation Bureau, as well as victim
support centers and self-help groups, provide support to MVA victims. To a certain extent, evaluating support
provided to MVA victims and their families is possible by initiating assistance promptly and actively using leaflets,
brochures, and other materials.
The literature reports thatwomen are at increased risk for developing PTSD and complicated grief; also,men and
women use differentmechanisms for coping with stress.Moreover, men tend not to express their pain and try to
manage it on their own. Thus, support that is appropriate for both sexes must be provided.
In the future, the effectiveness of the support provided should be evaluated by survivors. Whether acute-phase
support leads to improvement in survivors long-term prognoses must also be investigated. Keywords: Motor vehicle accidents | MVA victims | Bereaved family | Social support | Self-help groups | Sex differences |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Social networking site (SNS) use by adolescent mothers: Can social support and social capital be enhanced by online social networks? – A structured review of the literature
سایت های شبکه اجتماعی (SNS) توسط مادران نوجوان استفاده می شود: آیا می توان از طریق شبکه های اجتماعی آنلاین حمایت اجتماعی و سرمایه اجتماعی را افزایش داد؟ - مرور ساخت یافته از ادبیات-2017 Aims and objectives: to critically appraise the available literature and summarise the evidence relating to
adolescent mothers use of social networking sites in terms of any social support and social capital they may
provide and to identify areas for future exploration.
Background: social networking sites have been demonstrated to provide social support to marginalised
individuals and provide psycho-social benefits to members of such groups. Adolescent mothers are at risk of;
social marginalisation; anxiety disorders and depressive symptoms; and poorer health and educational
outcomes for their children. Social support has been shown to benefit adolescent mothers thus online
mechanisms require consideration.
Design: a review of original research articles
Method: key terms and Boolean operators identified research reports across a 20-year timeframe pertaining to
the area of enquiry in: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Medline, Scopus, ERIC, ProQuest, PsychINFO, Web of
Science, Health Collection (Informit) and Google Scholar databases. Eight original research articles met the
inclusion criteria for this review.
Findings: studies demonstrate that adolescent mothers actively search for health information using the
Internet and social networking sites, and that social support and social capital can be attributed to their use of
specifically created online groups from within targeted health interventions. Use of a message board forum for
pregnant and parenting adolescents also demonstrates elements of social support. There are no studies to date
pertaining to adolescent mothers use of globally accessible social networking sites in terms of social support
provision and related outcomes.
Conclusions: further investigation is warranted to explore the potential benefits of adolescent mothers use of
globally accessible social networking sites in terms of any social support provision and social capital they may
provide.
Keywords: Adolescent mother | Teenage mother | Social support | Social capital |Social networking sites | Structured review |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Mobilising social network support for childcare: The case of Polish migrant mothers in Dublin
بسیج حمایت از شبکه های اجتماعی برای مراقبت از کودکان: مورد مادران مهاجر لهستانی در دوبلین-2017 This paper describes the utilisation of support networks for the organisation of informal childcare by
working Polish migrant mothers in Dublin. Grounded in a support network perspective the study employs
a mixed method approach to elucidate how the mothers use local and transnational relations in their
child-minding strategies, but also highlights the obstacles posed by the distant character of the latter
ties. In line with previous research on support networks, we find a strong reliance on strong ties in
providing instrumental and emotional support (e.g., Wellman and Wortley, 1990) but also that ‘distance’
matters (e.g., Mok et al., 2010) and shapes the network mobilisation strategies of the working mothers.
Locally based weak ties, based on various forms of reciprocity, are supplemental in providing ad-hoc
crisis support when transnational ties cannot be mobilized. Nonetheless, transnational ties are shown to
be crucial in the childcare provision, in particular for longer spells of regular childcare.
Keywords: Social support network | Transnational ties | Informal childcare | Migrant mothers |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
Network cohesion and social support
انسجام شبکه و حمایت اجتماعی-2017 This article analyses the effects of personal network cohesion on different types of social support using
two dimensions of cohesion: network closure (defined as a tightly knit set of actors around the ego) and
cliquishness (defined as the extent to which an actor is connected with a number of cohesive sub-sets of
alters). Data were obtained from a personal networks’ survey conducted in Catalonia (Spain), which was
completed by 441 adults and gathered information about exchange of social support in networks made
of 30 alters. A multilevel analysis disentangles the effects on support of these two structural dimensions
at the network-level from compositional effects at the network and tie-level. The results show that
network closure does not play a relevant role in support once confounders at the network and tie levels
are controlled for. However, cliquishness has a significant association with labor-related support and
housing support, net of statistical controls. Implications of these results in network research are discussed.
Keywords: Social support | Personal networks | Network effects | Cohesion | Density | Cliques |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
No place for negative emotions? The effects of message valence, communication channel, and social distance on users’ willingness to respond to SNS status updates
هیچ جایی برای احساسات منفی وجود ندارد؟ اثرات حسی پیام، کانال ارتباطی و فاصله اجتماعی بر تمایل کاربران به پاسخ دادن به به روز رسانی وضعیت SNS-2017 The present study contributes to the investigation of communicative norms and social support in Social
Network Sites (SNSs). We suggest that a positivity bias restricts the availability of social support users
receive from others via public responses to negative status updates. Moderated mediation analyses of the
data of an online experiment (N ¼ 870, Mage ¼ 25.16 years, 64% female) show that users are less willing to
comment on negative status updates than on positive ones. In contrast, users are more willing to respond
to negative status updates with private messages. These effects are moderated by the strength of the
relationship between sender and receiver of the status update and mediated by perceived message
appropriateness and support urgency. The results suggest that SNS users canalize supportive reactions to
negative experience of their close SNS friends through private modes of communication.
Keywords: Social network sites | Status updates | Positivity bias | Social support | Mobilization requests | Facebook |
مقاله انگلیسی |
6 |
Catch me if I fall: Cross-national differences in willingness to take financial risks as a function of social and state ‘cushioning’
اگر سقوط کنم، من را بگیر: تفاوت های متقابل ملی در تمایل به ریسک مالی به عنوان عملکرد اجتماعی و دولت "انعطاف"-2017 Knowledge about the existence and source of national differences in willingness to take risks plays a vital
role in ensuring successful communication, collaboration, and understanding across countries, from the
personal to the organizational and political/social domain. The current study investigates differences in
financial risk-taking willingness between countries as a function of social and state ‘cushioning’, i.e. the
extent of a person’s social support network and the state’s social-safety support network. The study
compares large-scale household data and self-reports on willingness to take financial risks across three
countries differing in their state support networks: Austria, Italy and the United States. Results show that
personal social support network size influences risk-taking willingness (social cushioning). Furthermore,
and most notably, we find evidence of an interactive relationship between social and state cushioning.
High state cushioning renders the influence of social cushioning on financial risk-taking willingness less
important. Contributions to management and business practice as well as theory on the influence of
personal distance to financial support on risk-taking willingness are discussed.
Keywords: Cushion hypothesis | Financial risk-taking willingness | Cross-national comparison | Social support network | State support network |
مقاله انگلیسی |
7 |
"It makes you feel like you are not alone": Expectant first-time mothers’ experiences of social support within the social network, when preparing for childbirth and parenting
"این باعث می شود شما احساس می کنید به تنهایی نیست": تجارب مادران باردار برای اولین بار از حمایت اجتماعی در شبکه های اجتماعی، هنگام آماده شدن برای زایمان و پدر و مادر-2017 |
مقاله انگلیسی |
8 |
Associations between social relationship measures, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and risk of stroke and dementia
ارتباط بین معیارهای ارتباط اجتماعی، عامل سرطان مغز، نوروپاتی و خطر ابتلا به سکته مغزی و زوال عقل-2017 Introduction: Mechanisms underlying social determinants of stroke and dementia are unclear and
brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may contribute as a molecular link.
Methods: Using the Framingham Study, we examined social relationship measures as predictors of
higher serum BDNF level and cumulative incidence of stroke and dementia.
Results: Among 3294 participants, controlling for age and sex, isolation trended with lower BDNF
(odds ratio 5 0.69 [0.47–1.00]). Participants with more companionship had reduced risk for stroke
(hazard ratio [HR] 5 0.59 [0.41–0.83]) and dementia (HR 5 0.67 [0.49–0.92]). Greater emotional
support was associated with higher BDNF (odds ratio 5 1.27 [1.04–1.54]), reduced dementia risk
(HR 5 0.69 [0.51–0.94], and among smokers, reduced stroke risk (HR 5 0.23 [0.10–0.57]). Associ
ations persisted after additional adjustments. BDNF partly mediated the total effect between
emotional support and dementia risk.
Conclusions: Availability of social support appears to be associated with increased BDNF levels and, in
certain subsets, reduce risk of subsequent dementia and stroke, thus warranting study of these pathways to
understand their role in neuroprotection.
Keywords: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor | Social relationships | Social support | Social networks | Dementia | Stroke | Epidemiology | Cohort studies |
مقاله انگلیسی |
9 |
Escape the lion cage: Social networks by catch zones of small-scale fisheries in the oil settlement of Lobitos (Peru)
فرار قفس شیر: شبکه های اجتماعی توسط مناطق گرفتن شیلات در مقیاس کوچک در حل و فصل نفت Lobitos (پرو)-2017 Artisanal fishing communities are often in conflict with the interests of the oil extraction industry, industrial
fishing fleets and tourism. This paper considers Lobitos, a fishing enclave in northern Peru, where the oldest oil
settlement in Latin America was established. The primary focus is community organization and development of
the fisheries. Using a mixed methods approach, intensive ethnographic observation and analysis of the social
networks of the skippers of small-scale fishing vessels was conducted by in-depth interviews with 30 artisanal
fishermen, together with a social network survey involving 43 boat captains in Lobitos. The results showed the
mistrust and negative attitudes of fishermen towards oil companies and the industrial fishing fleet. However,
they expressed positive expectations regarding tourism development, as well as favorable attitudes towards the
diversification of fishing activity through tourist services. The networks of acquaintances, social support and
exchange of ecological information allowed us to identify three different groups of fishermen according to
preferential fishing zones. The skippers of vessels that prefer to fish in intermediate zones have a prominent role,
both in terms of local leadership and through the connection with boats belonging to other bays near Lobitos.
This subgroup acts as an intermediary in the networks a whole and has an integrated vision of the coastal
ecosystem. Network measures and preferential fishing zones can be used as indicators to assess the degree of
availability and preparation for the implementation of new uses in the fisheries sector associated with tourism
and heritage.
Keywords: Artisanal fisheries | Social support networks | Local ecological knowledge | Oil industry | Tourism | Peru |
مقاله انگلیسی |
10 |
Current evidences and future perspectives in studying the links between social support and health: Towards a consideration of attitudes towards support network in health psychology
شواهد موجود و چشم انداز های آینده در بررسی ارتباط بین حمایت اجتماعی و سلامت: به سوی در نظر گرفتن نگرش به شبکه پشتیبانی در روانشناسی سلامت-2017 The issue of social relationships has been reliably related to health
outcomes, and has drawn the attention of researchers in health
psychology for a long time. This field of investigation is however
marked by a lack of clarity in terms of both concepts studied and
psychometric instruments. Hence, the conceptual and methodolo
gical basis of the aforementioned links is to be clarified in order
to get a better understanding of the action of the effect of the
social support’s mechanisms. The aim of the present paper is to
make an inventory of current knowledge in this field and consider
future perspectives. The distinction between structural, functional
and transactional approaches of social support is a prerequisite for
the clarification and operationalization of concepts related to social
support, but also modeling the mechanisms involved in the rela
tion between social support and health. New perspectives in the
study of social support should be considered to go beyond tradi
tional approaches that focus primarily on perceived social support
through the concepts of perceived availability and satisfaction. The
study of attitudes towards support network is a challenging direc
tion that can provide insights for understanding the effects of social
support on health. These attitudes reflect people preconceptions
and beliefs about seeking and receiving social support, their evalua
tions of the ability of their social network to provide assistance and
their willingness to accept it. We also discuss the implications of
these theoretical arguments for research on social support, as well
as the potential applications for psychosocial care of vulnerable
people that are apparent from this perspective.
Keywords: Social support | Health | Attitudes | Social network | Social relationships |
مقاله انگلیسی |