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نتیجه جستجو - چند منطقه ای

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 9
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Greenhouse gas emissions in British Columbia: Production versus consumption accounting from 2010 to 2015
انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای در بریتیش کلمبیا: تولید در مقایسه با مصرف حسابداری از سال 2010 تا 2015-2021
As a result of carbon-pricing policies, a number of jurisdictions across the world claim to be decoupling their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from their gross domestic product (GDP). In British Columbia (BC), Canada, in what appears to be decoupling from 2007 to 2018, GHGs with respect to GDP declined by 16% ( BC Government 2020 ). This finding, however, is the result of a production-based method of accounting— the predominant global approach for allocating emissions—and not a consumption-based method. In this study, we compare these two accounting methods with respect to British Columbian decoupling. We cal- culate consumption-based emissions through a multi-regional input-output analysis from 2010 to 2015. In our results for 2015, we find total consumption emissions of 82.5Mt of CO 2 e; when compared to the total production emissions of 73.7Mt of CO 2 e, we find BC to be a net consumer of emissions by 8.8Mt of CO 2 e for 2015. Although BC has had this net consumer status since at least 2004 ( Dobson and Fellows, 2017 ), this orientation is in decline primarily due to the decarbonizing trends of China and the USA. In short, for BC from 2010–2015, on a per capita basis, both production and consumption accounts of emissions de- clined (even as GDP rose), but per capita consumption accounts declined more than production accounts and mostly due to emissions reductions from trade partners. Finally, this study may be of interest to policymakers and scientists, and like other scholars, we recommend that consumption-based inventories accompany production-based accounts when designing and assessing global GHG mitigation policy. © 2021 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
keywords: انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای | تجزیه و تحلیل خروجی چند منطقه ای | معامله بین المللی | گازهای گلخانه ای | تغییرات اقلیمی | Embodied emissions | Multi-regional input-output analysis | International trade | Greenhouse gasses | Climate change
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Discrepancy originated from intensity vector in embodied energy accounting
اختلاف ناشی از بردار شدت در حسابداری انرژی تجسم شده است-2021
Global climate change has made human pursuit of sustainable development goals more urgent and specific, with increasing studies focused on environmental embodiment or footprint issues. As a key link in embodied energy accounting, energy intensity vector has received little attention although its variants can lead to huge discrep- ancies in interpreting results and the corresponding policy implications. This work performs a comparative study to inform the choice of energy intensity vector in input-output modelling. We construct 4 energy intensity vectors varying from methodology and data source, and compare their performances in terms of sectoral and regional responsibility, energy embodied in international trade both in an original and uniform framework. It is concluded that the choice of energy intensity is a process of determining system boundary, and trade-off should be made between detailed actual energy flow and implication about energy-economy nexus. Energy sectors dominate the generation of intensity vector, processing of exogenous energy data, especially the part from household direct use and transformation efficiency loss may cause a huge accounting deviation. Although different vectors may give varying sectoral embodied energy, the discrepancy in regional total, in particular, consumption-based accounting is much less. Our discussion can be further applied to other embodied resource accounting or environmental extension.
keywords: گسترش انرژی | انرژی تجسم یافته | ورودی-خروجی توسعه یافته محیطی | ردپای انرژی | چند منطقه ای | چین | Energy extension | Embodied energy | Environmentally extended input-output | Energy footprint | Multi-regional | China
مقاله انگلیسی
3 A Multi-regional Network Encoding Heading and Steering Maneuvers in Drosophila
یک شبکه چند منطقه ای در حال رمزگذاری مانورهای هدایت در دروسوفیلا -2020
An internal sense of heading direction is computed from various cues, including steering maneuvers of the animal. Although neurons encoding heading and steering have been found in multiple brain regions, it is unclear whether and how they are organized into neural circuits. Here we show that, in flying Drosophila, heading and turning behaviors are encoded by population dynamics of specific cell types connecting the subregions of the central complex (CX), a brain structure implicated in navigation. Columnar neurons in the fan-shaped body (FB) of the CX exhibit circular dynamics that multiplex information about turning behavior and heading. These dynamics are coordinated with those in the ellipsoid body, another CX subregion containing a heading representation, although only FB neurons flip turn preference depending on the visual environment. Thus, the navigational system spans multiple subregions of the CX, where specific cell types show coordinated but distinct context-dependent dynamics.
مقاله انگلیسی
4 What Accounts for the Growth of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Advanced and Emerging Economies? The Role of Consumption, Technology and Global Supply Chain Participation
چه حساب هایی برای رشد انتشار دی اکسید کربن در اقتصادهای پیشرفته و نوظهور لازم است؟ نقش مصرف، فناوری و مشارکت در کل زنجیره تامین-2017
This paper examines the driving forces behind the growth in carbon dioxide emissions in forty advanced and emerging economies between 1995 and 2008. We use the global supply chain concept introduced in Timmer et al. (2014) to measure CO2 emissions in internationally fragmented production networks and embed the concept in structural decomposition analysis. Our findings suggest that rising levels of domestic consumption are related to increased carbon dioxide emissions in both advanced and emerging economies. A substantial share of CO2 emissions growth in emerging economies is accounted for by increased participation in global supply chains. However, even for countries that rapidly integrated in global production networks, such as China, rising domestic consumption accounts for the majority of territorial emissions.
Keywords: CO2 emissions | Global supply chains | Global Multi-Regional Input-Output Model | Structural decomposition analysis
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Tracking mercury emission flows in the global supply chains: A multi-regional input-output analysis
ردیابی جریان های انتشار جیوه در زنجیره های عرضه جهانی: تجزیه و تحلیل ورودی-خروجی چند منطقه ای-2017
Mercury emissions from nonferrous metal production have overtaken that from energy consumption as the leading contributor of global anthropogenic mercury emissions. Though Minamata Convention has put restrictions on import or export of mercury-added products, the inter-connected global economy that features an intensive correlated supply chain still has large impacts on mercury emissions. There fore, this study aims to track global nonferrous metal related mercury emission flows among 186 indi vidual economies for the year of 2010, by applying an empirically validated multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model. The total amount of direct mercury emissions is 974 tonnes, to which gold production contributed a dominant proportion. However, a spectacular 2/3 of mercury emissions from nonferrous metal production were traded internationally, primarily as exports from emerging economies such as mainland China and Colombia to wealthy economies including the USA and Germany through global supply chains. Understanding the redistribution of mercury emissions along the global supply chains can facilitate international efforts to reduce mercury emissions from nonferrous metal production.
Keywords:Global mercury emissions| Non-ferrous metals| Multi-regional input-output analysis| Global supply chains
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Trade in occupational safety and health: Tracing the embodied human and economic harm in labour along the global supply chain
تجارت در ایمنی و بهداشت شغلی: ردیابی آسیب های انسانی و اقتصادی مندرج در کار در طول زنجیره تامین جهانی-2017
Over the past years there has been enormous concern about labour conditions in developing countries particularly around work for the export market. This study addresses human rights issues related to Occupational Safety and Health for people suffering injuries from work demanded as a result of international trade arrangements. Here we present Occupational Safety and Health Footprints, which include the number of work-related accidents that occur throughout the world and that are directly and indirectly linked to the consumption of products, calculated for every nations consumption bundle. OSHF include fatal footprints, non-fatal footprints, days lost footprints and wages lost footprints per given year. In order to calculate the OSHF, we used a comprehensive Multi-Regional Input Output MRIO table (Eora) in addition to data from the International Labour Organization, ASEAN Occupational Safety and Health Network (ASEAN-OSHNET) and others. This study finds that in 2010 there were 12 fatal and 4.8 thousand non-fatal incidents, 27 thousand days lost and two million US$ lost in wages per 100 thousand workers in supply chains worldwide. The results presented in this paper show hidden accidents throughout global supply chains and hence can be used to apply pressure on international organisations, governments and focal companies to improve the conditions of workers, particularly in terms of OSH in the workplace.
Keywords:Occupational safety and health| Social footprint|Occupational accidents footprint|Multi-regional input-output analysis|Global supply chains| International trade
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Measuring the environmental sustainability performance of global supply chains: A multi-regional input-output analysis for carbon, sulphur oxide and water footprints
اندازه گیری عملکرد پایدار زیست محیطی زنجیره های تامین جهانی: تجزیه و تحلیل ورودی-خروجی چند منطقه ای برای کربن، اکسید گوگرد و رد پای آب-2017
Measuring the performance of environmentally sustainable supply chains instead of chain constitute has become a challenge despite the convergence of the underlining principles of sustainable supply chain management. This challenge is exacerbated by the fact that supply chains are inherently dynamic and complex and also because multiple measures can be used to characterize performances. By identifying some of the critical issues in the literature regarding performance measurements, this paper contributes to the existing body of literature by adopting an environmental performance measurement approach for economic sectors. It uses economic sectors and evaluates them on a sectoral level in specific countries as well as part of the Global Value Chain based on the established multi-regional input-output (MRIO) modeling framework. The MRIO model has been used to calculate direct and indirect (that is supply chain or upstream) environmental effects such as CO2, SO2, biodiversity, water consumption and pollution to name just a few of the applications. In this paper we use MRIO analysis to calculate emissions and resource consumption intensities and footprints, direct and indirect impacts, and net emission flows between coun tries. These are exemplified by using carbon emissions, sulphur oxide emissions and water use in two highly polluting industries; Electricity production and Chemical industry in 33 countries, including the EU-27, Brazil, India and China, the USA, Canada and Japan from 1995 to 2009. Some of the highlights include: On average, directcarbonemissionsinthe electricitysectoracrossall27memberstatesof theEUwasestimatedtobe1368 million tons and indirect carbon emissions to be 470.7 million tons per year representing 25.6% of the EU-27 total carbon emissions related to this sector. It was also observed that from 2004, sulphur oxide emissions intensities in electricity production in India and China have remained relatively constant at about 62.8 gSOx/, respectively, $ and 84.4 gSOx/$ although being higher than in other countries. In terms of water use, the high water use intensity in China (1040.27 L/$) and India (961.63 L/$), which are among the highest in the sector in the electricity sector is exacerbated by both countries being ranked as High Water Stress Risk countries. The paper also highlights many advantages of the MRIO approach including: a 15-year time series study (which provides a measurement of environmental performance of key industries and an oppor tunity to assess technical and technological change during the investigated time period), a supply chain approach that provides a consistent methodological framework and accounts for all upstream supply chain environmental impacts throughout entire global supply chains. The paper also discusses the implications of the study to environmental sustainability performance measurement in terms of the level of analysis from a value chain hierarchy perspective, methodological issues, performance indicators, environmental exchanges and policy relevance.
Keywords: Environmental sustainability | Supply chain | Value chain | Performance measurement | Industry-level |Input-output analysis
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Predictive modeling and optimization of a multi-zone HVAC system with data mining and firefly algorithms
مدل سازی پیش بینی و بهینه سازی یک سیستم HVAC چند منطقه ای با اگوریتم های کرم ب تاب و داده کاوی-2015
This research applies a data-driven approach to investigate energy savings of a multi-zone HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) system. The predictive models of the HVAC energy con- sumption and the environment conditions of multiple zones are constructed by data mining algorithms. Two major environment conditions, the room temperature and the relative room humidity, are considered. Two variables of operating the HVAC system, the supply air temperature set point and the supply air static pressure set point, in the predictive models are optimized with respect to minimizing the HVAC energy while maintaining the predefined environment conditions of each zone. A novel heuristic search algorithm, the firefly algorithm, is utilized to solve the data-driven predictive models and derive the optimal settings of two set points under required HVAC operational constraints. The firefly algorithm is compared with the particle swarm optimization and evolutionary strategy to demonstrate its advantages in solving the proposed optimization problem. HVAC energy saving with the proposed data-driven framework is examined in the computational studies. A sensitivity analysis of the potential of energy saving based on different types of environment condition constraints is conducted.© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Energy conservation | Data-driven modeling | Multi-zone HVAC | Firefly algorithm | Predictive operation
مقاله انگلیسی
9 مدل سازی پیش بینی و بهینه سازی سیستم HVAC چند منطقه¬ای با داده کاوی و الگوریتم کرم شب تاب
سال انتشار: 2015 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 10 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 32
این تحقیق، رویکردی داده محور برای بررسی صرفه جویی انرژی در سیستم چند منطقه¬ای تهویه مطبوع (HVAC) (گرمایش، تهویه و تهویه مطبوع) است. مدل¬های پیش بینی مصرف انرژی HVAC و شرایط محیطی مناطق متعدد توسط الگوریتم های داده کاوی ایجاد شد. دمای و رطوبت نسبی اتاق، شرایط محیطی غالب محسوب می شوند. نقطه تنظیم منبع دمای هوا و منبع فشار استاتیک هوا، دو متغیر عملیاتی سیستم های HVAC هستند و در مدل های پیش بینی برای کاهش انرژی HVAC با حفظ شرایط محیطی از پیش تعریف شده در هر منطقه، بهینه شدند. الگوریتم کرم شب تاب، الگوریتم جستجوی اکتشافی جدیدی است که برای حل مدل های پیش بینی داده محور و دستیابی به تنظیمات بهینه در مجموعه¬ی دو نقطه در صورت اعمال محدودیت های عملیاتی HVAC، مورد نیاز است. در صورت مقایسه بین الگوریتم کرم شب تاب با بهینه سازی ازدحام ذرات و استراتژی تکاملی، مزایای الگوریتم کرم شب تاب در حل مشکل بهینه سازی پیشنهادی اثبات می¬شود. در مطالعات محاسباتی، صرفه جویی در انرژی HVAC در چارچوب مبتنی بر داده پیشنهادی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آنالیز حساسیت پتانسیل صرفه جویی انرژی بر مبنای انواع مختلف محدودیت شرایط محیطی انجام شد.
کلمات کلیدی: حفاظت از انرژی | مدل سازی داده محور | HVAC چند منطقه ای | الگوریتم کرم شب تاب | عملیات پیش بینی شده
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