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نتیجه جستجو - کارآمدی

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 97
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Technology-enabled knowledge management for community healthcare workers: The effects of knowledge sharing and knowledge hiding
مدیریت دانش دانش تکنولوژی برای کارکنان بهداشت و درمان جامعه: اثرات به اشتراک گذاری دانش و پنهان کردن دانش-2021
The objective of this study is to explore different facet (dark and bright sides) of technology-enabled knowledge management (KM) for rural lay healthcare workers who belong to the bottom of pyramid (BoP) population in India. Data were collected through multiple rounds of engagements and semi-structured interviews with 37 Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs). Findings indicate the existence of spirals of value that are shaped by KM practices in such settings. Technology-enabled KM through knowledge-sharing is supporting an upward spiral of value creation at three different levels, i.e., the micro-level in the form of empowerment of ASHAs, the meso-level in the form of better healthcare for the rural Indian population, and the macro-level in the form of an effective public health policy outcome as envisioned by the government. Contrary to the technology-enabled KM through knowledge-sharing, technology-enabled KM through knowledge-hiding is eroding value resulting in failed attempts to use technology and reduced self-efficacy of ASHAs at the micro level. Technology-enabled KM through knowledge-hiding at the macro level is promoting stratification and marginalization within rural communities in India. Study leaves key implications for healthcare researchers, policymakers and businesses.
keywords: بهداشت روستایی | فعالان بهداشت اجتماعی | اقتصادهای نوظهور | تحقیق کیفی | پنهان کردن دانش | به اشتراک گذاری دانش | هندوستان | Rural healthcare | Social health activists | Emerging economies | Qualitative research | Knowledge-hiding | Knowledge-sharing | India
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Appropriation of accounting information system use under the new IFRS: Impacts on accounting process performance
تخصیص استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات حسابداری تحت IFRS جدید: تاثیرات بر عملکرد پردازش حسابداری-2021
The newly issued International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) have significantly transformed the ac- counting process and the accounting information system (AIS). Confronting the changes in information tech- nologies (IT), using the AIS appropriately is crucial to derive accurate information from which to process business transactions and report information in compliance with the new IFRS. Built on adaptive structuration theory (AST), this study is aimed toward investigating how accounting regulatory changes influence AIS use, which consequently affects accounting process performance. Data are collected through a questionnaire survey of 250 accountants from 36 countries currently using the IFRS as their accounting standards. The results show that perceived system restrictiveness, IT professional support, and accountant’s self-efficacy significantly explain faithfulness of appropriation (FOA) whereas perceived effectiveness of controls on IT use does not. FOA in- fluences exploitive and exploratory task adaptations, which subsequently predict accounting process perfor- mance under the new IFRS. This study enriches the AST literature and contributes to both the accounting and IT domains. Our findings provide organizations with new insights into how to maintain the efficiency of accounting practice and business operations under the new IFRS.
keywords: سیستم اطلاعات حسابداری (AIS) | تئوری ساختار سازگاری (AST) | استانداردهای گزارشگری مالی بین المللی | (IFRS) | وفاداری تخصیص (FOA) | عملکرد پردازش حسابداری | Accounting information system (AIS) | Adaptive structuration theory (AST) | International financial reporting standards | (IFRS) | Faithfulness of appropriation (FOA) | Accounting process performance
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Cancer patient knowledge about and behavioral intentions after germline genome sequencing
دانش بیمار سرطانی در مورد و مقاصد رفتاری پس از تعیین توالی ژنوم ژرملاین-2021
Objectives: Germline genome sequencing (GS) is becoming mainstream in cancer diagnosis and risk management. Identifying knowledge gaps and determinants of health behavior change intentions will enable effective targeting of educational and management strategies to translate genomic findings into improved cancer outcomes. Methods: Probands diagnosed with cancer of likely genetic origin that consented to but not yet undergone GS, and their biological relatives, completed a cross-sectional questionnaire assessing GS knowledge and hypothetical intention to change behaviors. Results: Probands (n = 348; 57% university educated) and relatives (n = 213; 38% university educated) had moderate GS knowledge levels, with greater knowledge associated with higher education. Both populations reported high behavioral change intentions, significantly associated with being female (p = 0.01) and greater perceived importance of GS (p < 0.001), and for probands: being from English-speaking households (p = 0.003), higher socio-economic status (p = 0.01) and greater self-efficacy (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Increasing GS knowledge will enable realistic participant expectations surrounding germline GS. Actual behavior change should be monitored to determine whether increased cancer risk knowledge results in altered cancer-related behavior and ultimately, cancer outcomes. Practice implications: Educational resources should target specific populations to ensure informed decision- making and expectation management. Support tools facilitating and maintaining behavioral change may be needed to achieve improved cancer patient outcomes. © 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.
keywords: توالی ژنوم | سرطان | دانش | قصد رفتار | همبستگی | Genome sequencing | Cancer | Knowledge | Behavior intention | Correlates
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Exploring learning processes associated with a cancer pain self-management intervention in patients and family caregivers: A mixed methods study
بررسی فرآیندهای یادگیری مرتبط با مداخله خود مدیریت سرطان در بیماران و مراقبت های خانوادگی: مطالعه یک روش ترکیبی -2021
Aim: Explore learning processes associated with a psychoeducational pain selfmanagement intervention. Background: Self-management of cancer pain is challenging for patients and their family caregivers (FCs). While psychoeducational interventions can support them to handle these tasks, it remains unclear how learning pro- cesses are hampered or facilitated. Methods: A convergent parallel mixed methods design with qualitative data collection embedded in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) was used. Outpatients with cancer and FCs were recruited from three Swiss university hospitals. The six-week intervention consisted of education, skills building, and nurse coaching. Quantitative data on pain management knowledge and self-efficacy were analyzed using multilevel models. Patients and FCs were interviewed post-RCT regarding their learning experiences. Qualitative data analysis was guided by interpretive description. Finally, quantitative and qualitative data were integrated using case level comparisons and a meta-matrix. Results: Twenty-one patients and seven FCs completed this study. The group-by-time effect showed increases in knowledge (p = 0.035) and self-efficacy (p = 0.007). Patients and FCs learning through experience was sup- ported by an intervention nurse, who was perceived as competent and trustworthy. After the study, most intervention group participants felt more confident to implement pain self-management. Finally, data integration showed that declining health hampered some patients pain self-management. Conclusions: Competent and trustworthy nurses can support patients and FCs pain self-management by providing individualized interventions. Using a diary, jointly reflecting on the documented experiences, and addressing knowledge deficits and misconceptions through the use of academic detailing can facilitate patients and FCs learning of critical skills.
keywords: سرطان | مدیریت درد | آموزش بیمار | روش های ترکیبی تحقیق | خودکار کارآمدی | Cancer | Pain management | Patient education | Mixed methods research | Self-efficacy
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Access to resources and entrepreneurial well-being: A self-efficacy approach
دسترسی به منابع و رفاه کارآفرینی: رویکرد خودکارآمدی-2020
In this study, we examine an important predictor and outcome associated with well-being for entrepreneurs: access to resources and persistence. Drawing on social-cognitive theory, we contend that access to resources helps people feel confidence in abilities to be successful entrepreneurs, resulting in greater well-being during venture development. We push the model further by hypothesizing that well-being is positively related to persistence in venture creation activities. Employing an experimental, vignette-based approach, we test the model by asking 258 subjects to consider how prospective entrepreneurs respond to varying contexts of resource accessibility (low vs. high) in terms of their self-efficacy, well-being, and persistence. Results of serial mediator regression analysis support the hypothesized model such that greater access to resources is associated with higher levels of multiple indicators of well-being such as happiness, life satisfaction, and psychological well- being through a self-efficacy mechanism. We also find that entrepreneurial persistence increases through this mechanism.
Keywords: Recession | Opportunity | Improvisation | Entrepreneurship | Latin America
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Predicting motivational outcomes in social entrepreneurship: Roles of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and situational fit
پیش بینی نتایج انگیزشی در کارآفرینی اجتماعی: نقش خودکارآمدی کارآفرینی و تناسب موقعیتی-2020
This study tests a structural model of self-motivational antecedents and outcomes over the course of social entrepreneurship using data on 158 social entrepreneurs. The model antecedents stem from two categories of perceived variables, self-referent efficacy and perceived situational fit, which can result in pathways toward three outcomes, entrepreneurial goal striving, aspiration, and eudaimonic well-being. Among the five tested antecedents (experience mastery, social assertiveness, autonomy, effectual reward, and pro-sociality), experi- ence mastery, social assertiveness, and autonomy have strong relationships with aspiration and eudaimonic well- being. Effectual reward has significant, but the least, effects on entrepreneurial goal striving. Pro-sociality measurements exhibit strong communality and cross-variability among the other antecedents. The results show that pro-sociality cannot be determined as a discernible source of entrepreneurial motivation but has an anti- thetical role in volitional intention. This study sheds light on self-motivational constructs that ultimately shape social entrepreneurs’ intention and orientation.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship | Self-efficacy | Well-being | Entrepreneurial persistence
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Constrained inefficiency of competitive entrepreneurship
ناکارآمدی محدود کارآفرینی رقابتی-2020
We study the constrained efficiency of a competitive entrepreneurship model that features the occupation choice between entrepreneurs and workers. It is shown that, even when (1) the only friction is uninsurable entrepreneurial risks and (2) agents are risk-averse, the competitive market can generate too many entrepreneurs. We present a sufficient statistic that determines the constrained inefficiency and its direction (whether market generates too many entrepreneurs or too few) by exploiting the unique feature of the model where the equilibrium is characterized by an indifference condition instead of a marginal condition. The framework is also pedagogically useful to understand constrained efficiency analysis at intuitive level.© 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Constrained efficiency | Competitive entrepreneurship | Occupation choice | Incomplete markets
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Cyber-entrepreneurship as an innovative orientation: Does positive thinking moderate the relationship between cyber-entrepreneurial self-efficacy and cyber-entrepreneurial intentions in Non-IT students?
کارآفرینی سایبری به عنوان گرایش نوآورانه: آیا تفکر مثبت رابطه بین خودکارآمدی کارآفرینی سایبری و اهداف کارآفرینی سایبری را در دانشجویان غیر IT تعدیل می کند؟-2020
Cyber-entrepreneurship has emerged as a nascent type of entrepreneurship in the information era. The issues of whether the lack of cyber-entrepreneurial self-efficacy (CESE) in students without an IT-related disciplinary background (non-IT students) obstructs their cyber-entrepreneurial intentions (CEIs), and how positive thinking (PT) relates to the two have become major topics of discussion in the higher education of cyber entrepreneur- ship. The present study aims to explore the effect of non-IT students’ CESE on their CEIs, and the possible moderation effect of PT between the two. A total of 364 valid samples were collected from Taiwan college students without an IT background. Hypotheses were verified using Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Our results show that cyber-entrepreneurial self-efficacy has a significant positive effect on cyber-entrepreneurial intentions while positive thinking does not, and positive thinking indeed moderates the relationship between cyber-entrepreneurial self-efficacy and cyber-entrepreneurial intentions. Based on these results, we discuss practical implications and propose relevant suggestions and recommendations for future research.
Keywords: Cyber-entrepreneurial self-efficacy | Cyber-entrepreneurial intentions | Positive thinking | Cultivating innovation
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Supporting self-efficacy beliefs and interest as educational inputs and outcomes: Framing AI and Human partnered task experiences
حمایت از اعتقادات و علاقه به خودکارآمدی به عنوان ورودی ها و نتایج آموزشی: چارچوب بندی هوش مصنوعی و تجارب مشارکتی انسان-2020
Interest and self-efficacy are crucial to academic success. This study addresses two gaps in our understanding of their development and support during university courses: how prior self-efficacy and interest plays a role in, and how different classroom activities build toward the development of students future interest and selfefficacy. In this study the interplay between ability-beliefs (self-efficacy/self-concept) and interest at three levels of specificity (Domain, Course and Task) were tested across a Japanese university language course (n = 128). Within this test, students interest in two language practice tasks (i.e., Human and then Chatbot partners) were assessed and compared. Prior interest was a robust predictor of all future task/course interest. Only Human-Human task interest directly predicted future course self-efficacy, but was mediated by course interest for future domain interest. For future interest, Human practice partners are superior to AIs. Supporting prior domain and later course interest should be a focus for university educators.
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Enhancing measures of ESE to incorporate aspects of place: Personal reputation and place-based social legitimacy
اقدامات پیشرفته ESE برای ترکیب جنبه های مکان: شهرت شخصی و مشروعیت اجتماعی مبتنی بر مکان-2020
We argue that existing measures of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) are underspecified in the context of tight-knit communities, where personal reputation plays a major role. We propose a new place-based ESE dimension that measures assessment by individuals of their ability to elicit respect from their community. This integral ESE component points to the very meaning of entrepreneurship in highly relational contexts. Although our enhanced ESE measure incorporates some influences of place, other aspects, such as geographical context, continue to moderate the relationship between ESE and entrepreneurial aptitude. We conclude with a discussion of the relevance and utility of this enhanced measure. Executive summary: Scholars have invested considerable energy in understanding the motivations and practices of high-growth entrepreneurs and urban ecosystems, where business interactions tend to be impersonal and transactional. Most entrepreneurial measures assess either individual characteristics or place-based characteristics. Rural areas or developing regions, where entrepreneurs may be the best hope for revitalization (Sarasvathy, 2008), operate according to cultural principles that are different from those of “high-performance” entrepreneurial ecosystems, and they remain understudied. We argue that in such resource-constrained, tight-knit communities, some important factors in the creation of a venture will jointly depend on place and individual—measuring the fitness of individuals in their community. In such environments, the belief of individuals in their ability to gain a positive reputation within their local community to advance their new enterprise is among the decisive factors for the venture creation process. We develop a measure of such beliefs.
Keywords: Entrepreneurial self-efficacy | Place-based entrepreneurship | Urban/rural divide | Relational context | Community respect
مقاله انگلیسی
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