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نتیجه جستجو - کاهش آسیب

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 14
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Redefining recovery: Accounts of treatment experiences of dependent cannabis users in Nigeria
بازسازی دوباره بازیابی: حساب های تجربیات درمان از کاربران وابسته به کانابیس وابسته در نیجریه-2021
Background: Research on addiction recovery describes recovery as a process leading to cessation of drug use. Few researchers have explored alternative views of recovery, and the interplay of individuals’ agency and social context in the recovery process. This study explored situated understandings of recovery among cannabis users that emphasized process and contingency. Methods: We conducted the study in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria. Participants were current (street-involved) cannabis users aged 21 to 34 (n = 97), recruited through time-location sampling. The study collected data through in-depth, individual interviews, which study staff transcribed, coded, and analyzed thematically. Results: Participants’ accounts indicated a quest for treatment as a means of recovery and redemption (i.e., repairing an identity damaged by dependent cannabis use). Relapse affected recovery when participants defined the latter as abstinence. Framing recovery this way showed the effects of social and structural factors on indi- vidual agency and treatment experiences. Yet some participants’ accounts highlighted a redefinition of recovery as a process (“recovering”), measured by such outcomes as reduced drug use and improved overall well-being. Conclusions: Reframing recovery, as some participants’ accounts in our study capture, speaks to the need for treatment programs that are informed by the principles of harm reduction and health promotion. Instead of foisting a singular treatment goal defined as total abstinence onto drug users seeking treatment, treatment should be attuned to the experiences and life circumstances of users and support them in achieving their recovery goals.
keywords: آژانس | شاهدانه | هویت | نیجریه | بهبود | رفتار | Agency | Cannabis | Identity | Nigeria | Recovery | Treatment
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Police-related barriers to harm reduction linked to non-fatal overdose amongst sex workers who use drugs: Results of a community-based cohort in Metro Vancouver, Canada
موانع مربوط به پلیس در کاهش آسیب مرتبط با مصرف بیش از حد غیر کشنده در میان کارگران جنسی که مواد مخدر استفاده می کنند: نتایج یک گروه مبتنی در جامعه در مترو ونکوور ، کانادا-2020
Background: High rates of overdose and overdose-related mortality in North America represent a pressing health and social concern. Women sex workers face severe health and social inequities, which have been linked to structural factors including negative police interactions; however, little is known regarding the burden of overdose or how policing impacts overdose risk amongst sex workers who use drugs. Given this, we aimed to explore the independent effects of experiencing police-related barriers to harm reduction on non-fatal overdose amongst women sex workers who use drugs in Metro Vancouver, Canada over a 7.5-year period. Methods: Data were drawn from An Evaluation of Sex Workers Health Access (AESHA), a community-based open prospective cohort of women sex workers in Metro Vancouver, from 2010 to 2017. Using multivariate logistic regression with generalized estimating equations (GEE), we used a confounder modeling approach to identify the independent effect of experiencing police-related barriers to harm reduction strategies on non-fatal overdose amongst sex workers using drugs within the last six months at each study visit. Results: Amongst 624 participants, 7.7% overdosed within the last six months at baseline and 27.6% overdosed during the study period, contributing 287 non-fatal overdose events over the 7.5-year period. 68.6% reported police-related barriers to harm reduction strategies during the study. In a multivariate confounder model, exposure to police-related barriers to harm reduction strategies [AOR: 2.15, CI: 1.60–2.90] was independently associated with higher odds of non-fatal overdose after adjustment for key confounders. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that in the context of the current overdose crisis, adversarial policing practices may undermine access to lifesaving overdose prevention services and exacerbate overdose risks for marginalized women. Findings underscore the urgent need to scale-up access and remove barriers to progressive harm reduction strategies for women sex workers.
Keywords: Sex work | Drug overdose | Harm reduction | Women | Policing | Criminalization
مقاله انگلیسی
3 “Its like super structural” – Overdose experiences of youth who use drugs and police in three non-metropolitan cities across British Columbia
"این مانند ساختاری فوق العاده است" - تجربیات بیش از حد مصرف جوانان در سه شهر غیر کلانشهر بریتیش کلمبیا که از مواد مخدر و پلیس استفاده می کنند-2020
Introduction: Youth who use drugs (YWUD) are vulnerable to experience or encounter drug related overdose deaths. Fentanyl has increased the risks, calling greater attention to overdose. In response, there have been increases in harm reduction services and policies such as the Good Samaritan Drug Overdose Act (GSDOA) which exempts people who witness an overdose and call 9–1–1 from being charged for possession of drugs. However, fear of police continues to be a barrier to calling 9–1–1. This paper focuses on the experiences of youth with police in overdose situations and their knowledge of GSDOA. Methods: Youth, aged 16–30, who had used drugs at least weekly, and had encountered police in the past year were recruited between May 2017 and June 2018 in three non-metropolitan cities in British Columbia, Canada. 38 participants completed qualitative interviews asking them about their experiences with police, overdose, decisions to call 9–1–1, and their understanding of the GSDOA. Their responses were coded in NVIVO and analyzed using interpretive description. Results: For many YWUD in this study, overdoses are an ever-present part of their lives and fear of fentanyl has left them concerned for themselves and others. Negative experiences occurred when police used their power without benefit to youth or were rough or disrespectful, without care for the person overdosing. Youth saw police in a positive light if they were compassionate, stepping aside for paramedics or reviving someone experiencing an overdose. Youth had very mixed knowledge of the GSDOA and were concerned about criminalization if they called 9–1–1. Conclusions: Collaboration with police and local stakeholders is required to address the concerns of YWUD and to increase awareness and penetration of policies such as the GSDOA. Changes to policing cultures that prioritize health rather than criminalize YWUD may increase youths trust of police and increase calls to 9–1–1.
Keywords: Drug overdose | Youth who use drugs | Police discretion | Naloxone | Harm reduction
مقاله انگلیسی
4 “Bed Bugs and Beyond”: An ethnographic analysis of North Americas first women-only supervised drug consumption site
"اشکالات بستر و فراتر از آن": تجزیه و تحلیل مردم نگاری اولین سایت مصرف مواد مخدر تحت نظارت فقط در زنان در آمریکای شمالی-2020
Background: Attention to how women are differentially impacted within harm reduction environments is salient amidst North Americas overdose crisis. Harm reduction interventions are typically ‘gender-neutral’, thus failing to address the systemic and everyday racialized and gendered discrimination, stigma, and violence extending into service settings and limiting some womens access. Such dynamics highlight the significance of North Americas first low-threshold supervised consumption site exclusively for women (transgender and non-binary inclusive), SisterSpace, in Vancouver, Canada. This study explores womens lived experiences of this unique harm reduction intervention. Methods: Ethnographic research was conducted from May 2017 to June 2018 to explore womens experiences with SisterSpace in Vancouvers Downtown Eastside, an epicenter of Canadas overdose crisis. Data include more than 100 hours of ethnographic fieldwork, including unstructured conversations with structurally vulnerable women who use illegal drugs, and in-depth interviews with 45 women recruited from this site. Data were analyzed in NVivo by drawing on deductive and inductive approaches. Findings: The setting (non-institutional), operational policies (no men; inclusive), and environment (diversity of structurally vulnerable women who use illegal drugs), constituted a space affording participants a temporary reprieve from some forms of stigma and discrimination, gendered and social violence and drug-related harms, including overdose. SisterSpace fostered a sense of safety and subjective autonomy (though structurally constrained) among those often defined as ‘deviant’ and ‘victims’, enabling knowledge-sharing of experiences through a gendered lens. Conclusion: SisterSpace demonstrates the value and effectiveness of initiatives that engage with socio-structural factors beyond the often narrow focus of overdose prevention and that account for the complex social relations that constitute such initiatives. In the context of structural inequities, criminalization, and an overdose crisis, SisterSpace represents an innovative approach to harm reduction that accounts for situations of gender inequality not being met by mixed-gender services, with relevance to other settings.
Keywords: women | drugs | violence | harm reduction | overdose | supervised consumption sites | Canada
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Methadone maintenance treatment is swapping one drug for another, and thats why it works: Towards a treatment-based critique of the war on drugs
درمان نگهداری متادون یک دارو را با داروی دیگر عوض می کند و به همین دلیل موثر است: به سمت انتقاد مبتنی بر درمان از جنگ با مواد مخدر-2020
The claim that methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is ‘just swapping one drug for another’ has typically been used to de-legitimize the treatment and attack those who use it. However, this commentary re-positions that argument as a way of bringing analytic focus to the role of structural forces, like criminalization and the war on drugs, in the treatment decisions of people who use illegal drugs. Specifically, I use my experience as a qualitative sociologist who studies MMT as well as my own experience on MMT to demonstrate how criminalization functions as source of harm in the lives of people who use illegal drugs, that drives them towards the legal, and thus comparatively safer, style of substance use made available by MMT. Moreover, I argue that the dominance of individually-focused theories based on addiction and recovery to understand MMT is related to its punitive organizational structure and lack of popularity among people who use illegal opioids. Ultimately, I argue for a paradigm shift, both in policy and scholarship, that acknowledges the pragmatic value of MMT within the structural context of criminalization.
Keywords: Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) | Recovery | Harm reduction | Criminalization | Addiction
مقاله انگلیسی
6 From prohibition to harm reduction? An analysis of the adoption of the Dutch harm reduction approach in Brazilian drug laws and practice
از ممنوعیت گرفته تا کاهش آسیب؟ تحلیلی در مورد اتخاذ رویکرد کاهش آسیب هلندی در قوانین و عملکرد مواد مخدر برزیل-2020
Background: Brazilian drugs law and policy used to focus on prohibition of drug use. In 2006, inspired by the Dutch harm reduction approach, Brazil adopted Law 11.343/06, a new drugs law focused at harm reduction. Dutch harm reduction is characterized by a distinction between users and traffickers of drugs, and by a distinction between drug markets (soft drugs and hard drugs). Notwithstanding the new drugs law, some Brazilian scholars claim that Brazil still favors prohibitionism towards drug use. The current study investigates the extent to which the Dutch harm reduction approach is reflected in Brazilian law and practice. Methods: First, a documentary analysis of the Brazilian law and policy documents is performed to see whether they incorporate the distinctions between actors and markets. Second, a case law analysis of 102 judicial decisions delivered by the Rio de Janeiro courts of appeal was conducted to investigate to what extent judges refer to aspects of the harm reduction approach. Results: Findings of this study indicate that law and policy documents now indeed separate users from traffickers, but soft drugs are not separated from hard drugs. Moreover, where the distinction between users and traffickers in the Dutch law is solely based on the quantity of seized drugs, the Brazilian judge has large discretionary powers to decide whether the suspect is a user or a trafficker. Conclusion: The Brazilian legal system has partially incorporated the Dutch harm reduction approach. The law distinguishes users from traffickers, but does not prescribe criteria to make the distinction. The lack of objective criteria by Brazilian law and policy reflects in subjective and inconsistent decisions delivered by the courts, which impairs an approach of harm reduction towards drug users.
Keywords: Drug law | Prohibition | Harm reduction | Separation of drug markets | Drug user | Drug trafficker
مقاله انگلیسی
7 پیاده سازی "اهداف توسعه پایدار": در راستای رسیدگی به سه چالش اصلی حاکمیتی- اقدام مشترک، توافق ها و پاسخگویی
سال انتشار: 2017 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 7 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 16
تحقق آرزوهای "اهداف توسعه پایدار" (SDGs) برای کاهش نابرابری، کاهش آسیب زیست محیطی، و تامین معیشت انعطاف پذیر، یک چالش بزرگ برای علم پایداری، جامعه مدنی و دولت است. ما سه چالش اصلی حاکمیتی را برای اجرای SDG ها شناسایی می کنیم: (i) ترویج اقدام مشترک با ایجاد فضاهای تصمیم گیری فراگیر برای تعامل متقابل بین بخش ها و معیار های مختلف؛ (ii) ایجاد توافقات سخت، تمرکز بر برابری، عدالت و انصاف؛ و (iii) اطمینان از مکانیزم های موجود برای انجام فعالان اجتماعی برای تصمیم گیری، سرمایه گذاری، اقدامات و نتایج. این مقاله هر یک از این سه چالش حاکمیتی را توضیح می دهد و راه های ممکن برای رسیدگی به آنها را مشخص کرده و اهمیت ارتباط بین این سه چالش را برجسته می نماید.
مقاله ترجمه شده
8 Triple bottom line accounting for optimizing natural gas sustainability: A statistical linear programming fuzzy ILOWA optimized sustainment model approach to reducing supply chain global cybersecurity vulnerability through information and communications technology
حسابداری سه گانه پایین برای بهینه سازی پایداری گاز طبیعی: برنامه نویسی خطی برنامه ریزی شده فازی ILOWA بهینه سازی رویکرد مدل پایداری برای کاهش آسیب پذیری جهانی امنیت سایبری از طریق فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات-2017
In this paper, we employed triple bottom line (TBL) accounting and considered threats to cybersecurity in the context of natural gas and global supply chain sustainability. The global supply chain is a diverse assortment of contingent claims contracts and relationships that span the world. It contains both risks and benefits. In this study, consideration is given to the balance of consequences. We propose a sus tainable economic model that preserves the positive dynamics of capitalism and accounting principles while improving collaboration between industry, landowners, and environmentalists to optimize return on profits for companies, provide royalties to landowners, and satisfy the planets environmental con cerns. Our TBL approach supports the need to preserve the best qualities of free enterprise and market driven regulation profits while also providing social and environmental benefits. Our proposed approach is novel and may be helpful for decision makers in all sectors, from public to private. We have endeavored to make sufficiently objective and appropriate conclusions that guide how the model can be used in other sectors or by other decision makers. This review has several aims. First, we aim to understand the technical application of TBL optimization and to associate it with the use of mathematical and statistical analysis. Second, we present a fuzzy integrated linguistic operator weighted average application to better understand TBL and to strengthen the argument for its use. Finally, we debate issues inherent in applying analyses of this type with regard to stakeholder viewpoints and objectivity.
Keywords:Triple bottom line|Sustainability|Supply chain management|Information and communications|technology|Risk|Security
مقاله انگلیسی
9 مدیریت ریسک زنجیره تامین: مرور ادبیات
سال انتشار: 2016 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 6 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 14
عواملی نظیر مسائل سیاسی، نوسانات تقاضا، تغییرات تکنولوژي، ناپایداريهاي مالی و حوادث طبیعی موجب افزایش عدم قطعیت و بروز ریسک هایی در زنجیره تامین میشود. مدیریت چنین ریسکهایی، جهت کاهش آسیبپذیري زنجیره تامین، ضروري میباشد. مدیریت ریسک زنجیره- تامین اخیراً توجهات بسیاري را به خود جلب نموده و مقالات زیادي در این زمینه منتشر شده است. در این مقاله به مرور ادبیات موضوع مدیریت ریسک زنجیره تامین و بررسی مقالات منتشر شده در این حوزه در سالهاي 2000 تا 2010 پرداخته شده است. رویکردهاي بهکار گرفته شده در مقالات به شش گروه مدلسازي، شبیه سازي، رویکرد مفهومی، مطالعه موردي، مرور ادبیات و مطالعه میدانی تقسیم، و ریسکهایی که در مقالات به آنها پرداخته شده، شناسایی شده است. همچنین به این موضوع که کدامیک از فازهاي شناسایی، ارزیابی و مدیریت ریسک مورد بررسی قرار گرفته، در چه صنایعی پیاده سازي شده و نیز تکنیکهاي مورد استفاده، توجه شده است. بررسیها نشان میدهد که در مقالات عمدتا به بررسی روشهاي برخورد با ریسک توجه شده و اغلب رویکردهاي مفهومی و استراتژيهاي کاهشی ارائه شده است. همچنین میتوان دریافت که این موضوع در صنایعی نظیر صنایع تولیدي، هوا و فضا، الکترونیک، سیستمهاي اطلاعات و غیره قابل پیادهسازي است
مقاله ترجمه شده
10 مرور منظمی از مشارکت ذینفعان در مداخلات بازاریابی اجتماعی
سال انتشار: 2016 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 12 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 37
نظریه سهام نشان می دهد که مشارکت ذینفعان در برنامه ریزی مداخله، پیاده سازی،و مراحل ارزیابی ممکن است نتایج بازاریابی را بالا ببرد. بررسی منابع سیستماتیک برای شناسایی مداخلات بازاریابی اجتماعی در مجله معتبر که هدف گزارش کاهش آسیب ناشی از الکل از سال 2000 تا مه 2015 بود انجام شد. این مقاله میزان دخالت ذینفعان در مراحل کلیدی مداخلات بازاریابی اجتماعی، یعنی پژوهش های شکل گیری، اجرا و ارزشیابی مرحله را نشان می دهد . تعداد سهامداران بزرگتر در جامعه در تنظیمات زمانی باریک تر و پیچیده تر مانند دانشگاه ها و مدارس مقایسه شده است. تمرکز ذینفعان برای ارزیابی مشاهده شد. نظریه سهام، تئوری مدیریت است که به طور گسترده ای استفاده می شود، و می تواند پایین دست های اجتماعی در برنامه ریزی مداخله بازاریابی را طراحی، پیاده سازی و برای ارائه برنامه های پایدار ارزیابی هدایت بکند . مشارکت ذینفعان محدود در مداخلات بازاریابی اجتماعی دارای توانایی های بالقوه ای است .مشارکت ذینفعان محدود ارائه شده در بررسی کنونی ،از طریق طیف وسیعتری از سهامداران در پژوهش ها شکل گیری و ارزیابی شد که برای بهینه سازی نتایج رفتاری توصیه می شود.
کلمات کلیدی: بازاریابی اجتماعی | الکل | نظریه سهام | بررسی متون سیستماتیک | مداخله
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