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1 |
Chronic Liver Diseases and the Microbiome-Translating Our Knowledge of Gut Microbiota to Management of Chronic Liver Disease
بیماری های مزمن کبدی و میکروبیوم - ترجمه دانش ما از میکروبیوتا روده به مدیریت بیماری مزمن کبدی-2021 Chronic liver disease is reaching epidemic proportions with
the increasing prevalence of obesity, nonalcoholic liver
disease, and alcohol overuse worldwide. Most patients are
not candidates for liver transplantation even if they have
end-stage liver disease. There is growing evidence of a gut
microbial basis for many liver diseases, therefore, better
diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches based
on knowledge of gut microbiota are needed. We review the
questions that need to be answered to successfully translate
our knowledge of the intestinal microbiome and the changes
associated with liver disease into practice.
Keywords: Cirrhosis | Hepatic Encephalopathy | Fecal Microbial Transplant | Diet. |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
How does traditional knowledge of Cassiae semen shed light on weight management? – A classical and modern literature review
دانش سنتی منی فلوس چگونه مدیریت وزن را روشن می کند؟ - بررسی ادبیات کلاسیک و مدرن-2021 Ethnopharmacological relevance: The seed of Senna obtusifolia (L.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby (Cassiae semen, CS) also
known as Jue ming zi in China, has been traditionally used for weight management by purging the liver and
improving the liver functions to support digestion. In the past decades, it has been used for hepatoprotection and
treatment of overweight and other metabolic disorders such as hyperlipidaemia and diabetes.
Aim of the review: This review aimed at providing comprehensive information on the traditional usages, phar-
macology, phytochemistry and toxicology of CS and critically exploring its potential usage for clinical weight
management from both traditional and modern application perspectives.
Materials and methods: In order to fully understand the properties, actions and indications of CS, two sets of
Chinese classical texts were searched, namely: Zhong Hua Yi Dian (Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medi-
cine) and Zhong Guo Ben Cao Quan Shu (Complete Collection of Traditional Texts on Chinese Materia Medica).
The purpose of studying these classical texts was to determine the traditional use of CS in weight management.
Comprehensive searches were also performed on seven databases for publications on original randomised clinical
trials (RCT), in vivo, in vitro or in silico studies related to pharmacological effects of CS. Detailed information
about the phytochemistry of CS was collected from books, encyclopedia, online databases and journal literature.
Findings: In classical literature review, 89 classic texts provided information of properties, actions and indications
of CS. In modern literature review, 44 studies were included for analysis, including 5 RCTs, 7 in vivo studies, 14 in
vitro studies, 2 in silico studies and 16 studies of mixed types. Chinese classic literature has provided traditional
evidence of the usage of CS for weight management. Contemporary studies have revealed that CS has weight loss
effects and possesses some other pharmacological activities supporting weight management. Some chemical
compounds of CS have been hypothesised to have a direct or indirect contribution to weight control.
Conclusions: The relationships between chemical compounds and the corresponding weight-loss target proteins
are not fully understood. Therefore, CS constituents should be further explored for the development of novel
therapeutic or preventive agents for the treatment of overweight and obesity. keywords: طب سنتی چینی | چاقی | اضافه وزن | ملین | لیپیدها | Traditional Chinese medicine | Senna obtusifolia | Cassia obtusifolia | Cassiae semen | Obesity | Overweight | Laxative | Lipids |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Validation of a fully automated liver segmentation algorithm using multi-scale deep reinforcement learning and comparison versus manual segmentation
اعتبار سنجی الگوریتم تقسیم کبدی کاملاً خودکار با استفاده از یادگیری تقویتی عمیق چند مقیاس و مقایسه در مقابل تقسیم بندی دستی-2020 Purpose: To evaluate the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) based software solution tested on liver
volumetric analyses and to compare the results to the manual contour segmentation.
Materials and methods: We retrospectively obtained 462 multiphasic CT datasets with six series for each patient:
three different contrast phases and two slice thickness reconstructions (1.5/5 mm), totaling 2772 series. AI-based
liver volumes were determined using multi-scale deep-reinforcement learning for 3D body markers detection
and 3D structure segmentation. The algorithm was trained for liver volumetry on approximately 5000 datasets.
We computed the absolute error of each automatically- and manually-derived volume relative to the mean
manual volume. The mean processing time/dataset and method was recorded. Variations of liver volumes were
compared using univariate generalized linear model analyses. A subgroup of 60 datasets was manually segmented
by three radiologists, with a further subgroup of 20 segmented three times by each, to compare the
automatically-derived results with the ground-truth.
Results: The mean absolute error of the automatically-derived measurement was 44.3 mL (representing 2.37 %
of the averaged liver volumes). The liver volume was neither dependent on the contrast phase (p=0.697), nor
on the slice thickness (p=0.446). The mean processing time/dataset with the algorithm was 9.94 s (sec)
compared to manual segmentation with 219.34 s. We found an excellent agreement between both approaches
with an ICC value of 0.996.
Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrate that AI-powered fully automated liver volumetric analyses can
be done with excellent accuracy, reproducibility, robustness, speed and agreement with the manual segmentation. Keywords: Artificial intelligence | Algorithms | Reproducibility of results | Tomography | X-ray computed | Liver |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Individualizing Care
مراقبت شخصی-2020 The forthcoming availability of several novel drugs in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)
coupled with the rise of high-throughput omics technologies prompt changing the paradigm
of the management of the disease.
Precision medicine (PM), through the application of omics-based approaches, should enable
identifying disease variants, stratifying patients according to disease trajectory, risk of disease
progression, and likelihood of response to different therapeutic options in PBC.
The development of PM needs specific interventions, such as sequencing more genomes,
creating bigger biobanks, and linking biological information to health data in electronic
medical record.
The authors envisage that a diagnostic work-up of PBC patients will include information
on genetic variants and molecular signature that may define a particular subtype of disease
and provide an estimate of treatment response and survival KEYWORDS : Primary biliary cholangitis | Precision medicine | Risk-stratification | Autoimmune liver disease | Individualized care | Novel therapies | Omics |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Mining featured biomarkers associated with vascular invasion in HCC by bioinformatics analysis with TCGA RNA sequencing data
استخراج نشانگرهای زیستی مرتبط با تهاجم عروق در HCC با تجزیه و تحلیل بیوانفورماتیک با داده های توالی TCNA RNA-2019 This study aims to identify the feature genes associated with vascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC). Here, the RNA sequencing data related to vascular invasion in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database,
including 292 HCC patients with complete clinical data were included in our study as the training dataset
for construction and E-TABM-36, including 41 HCC patients with complete clinical data was used as the validation
dataset. Following data normalization, differentially expressed mRNA and copy number (CN) were selected
between with and without vascular invasion samples. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier was
constructed and validated in GSE9828 and GSE20017 datasets. Total 59 feature genes were found by the SVM
classifier. Using Cox regression analysis, three clinical features, including Patholigic T, Stage and vascular invasion
and 6 optimal prognostic genes, including ANO1, EPHX2, GFRA1, OLFM2, SERPINA10 and TKT were
significantly correlated with prognosis. A risk score formula was developed to assess the prognostic value of 6
optimal prognostic genes, which were identified to possess the most remarkable correlation with overall survival
in HCC patients. By performing in vitro experiments, we observed TKT was significantly increased, but OLFM2
was decreased in high metastatic potential HCC cell lines (SK-HEP-1 and MHCC-97 H) compared with low
metastatic potential cell line Huh7 and normal human liver cell line LO2 using western blotting analysis.
Knockdown of TKT in MHCC-97H or overexpression of OLFM2 in SK-HEP-1 significantly suppressed cell migration
and invasion using transwell assays. Our results demonstrated that TKT and OLFM2 might be novel
independent biomarkers for predicting survival based on the presence of vascular invasion in patients with HCC. Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma | Vascular invasion | Support vector machine | Prognosis |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Capsaicin metabolites and GSH-associated detoxification and biotransformation pathways in human liver microsomes revealed by LC-HRMS/MS with data-mining tools
متابولیت های کپسایسین و سم زدایی و انتقال گاز ناشی از GSH در میکروزوم های کبدی انسان توسط LC-HRMS / MS با ابزارهای داده کاوی-2019 Capsaicin (CAP) is a principal pungent ingredient in hot peppers, it is also employed as a common food additive,
an efficient pharmaceutical component, or even a riot control agent. CAP exerts various pharmacological activities
as well as associated adverse physiological responses and causes moderate toxicity if overused. A full
screening and identification of CAP metabolites in combination with its main detoxification pathways are crucial
for the clear demonstration on its pharmacological and toxicological significance. Here, we employed a postacquisition
data-mining metabolic screening approach to rapidly find and identify a broad range of CAP metabolites
generated from in vitro human liver microsomes, based on an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-
quadrupole orbitrap high resolution tandem mass spectrometric method. First, we collected full scan MS
and MS/MS data sets by a data-dependent acquisition method in positive ion mode, and then we employed a
modified mass defect filter and a diagnostic ion filter to screen and identify all the probable CAP metabolites,
combining with information including retention time, accurate mass, characteristic fragments, and relevant drug
biotransformation patterns. In comparison with the stable isotope-labeled CAP involved biotransformation
products, we confirmed 19 functionalized metabolites and 13 glutathione (GSH) conjugates of CAP, in which 13
metabolites are reported for the first time. We then briefly depicted an overview metabolic pathway of CAP from
the GSH detoxification viewpoint, revealed that various metabolites of CAP can be generated from single or
multiple biotransformation and metabolic reactions. Both CAP and its reactive metabolites produced relevant
GSH conjugates, which indicates a wide and important detoxification value of GSH conjugation way. Keywords: Capsaicin | In vitro metabolites | Mass defect filter | Diagnostic ion filter | Detoxification | High resolution tandem mass spectrometry |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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واکنش های متابولیک و بیان ارینین کیناز ماهی مرکب ببری (ماهی مرکب ببری) تحت تنش شوری
سال انتشار: 2018 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 8 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 23 ماهی مرکب ببری ده پا مخصوص به تغییرات محیطی محل پرورش آن بسیار حساس است. پرورش لاروهای ماهی مرکب ببری به مدت 48 ساعت در شوري های مختلف انجام شد و تغییرات در میزان بروز، ساختار بافتی، متابولیسم انرژی و پارامترهای تنش آنتی اکسیداتیو بررسی و با تغییرات آرژنین کیناز در بافت های عضله و کبد مرتبط است. شوری مناسب برای کشت لارو از 24 تا 30 درصد متغیر بود و میزان بقای آن در شوري 21 درصد کاهش معنی داری را نشان داد. مشاهدات هیستولوژیکی عضله و کبد نشان داد که تغییرات در شوری و فشار اسمزی اثر منفی بر ساختار بافت دارد. اندازه گیری سطوح اسید گلیکون و اسید لاکتیک نشان داد که ماهی مرکب ببری می تواند متابولیسم انرژی را به طور دیجیتالی تنظیم کند تا انرژی اضافی را تحت شوری نامناسب فراهم کند. سطح پروتئین و فعالیت آنزیم AK در ماهیچه به طور قابل توجهی در شوري℃ 21 افزایش می یابد. نتایج به دست آمده مطابق با پرکردن دخایر فسفوآآگینینین در طی تنش شوری بود تا یک توازن ATP پویشی را حفظ کند و نشان دهد که AK نقش مهمی در تنظیم متابولیسم انرژی دارد. این مطالعه بینش تغییرات متابولیک را در طول تنش شوری را نشان می دهد و سبب نادیده گرفتن نقش عملکردی AK در ماهی مرکب ببری می شود.
کليدواژه: ارینین کیناز | شوری | متابولیسم انرژی |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
8 |
Using Big Data to Discover Diagnostics and Therapeutics for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases
استفاده از داده های بزرگ برای کشف تشخیص و درمان برای دستگاه گوارش و کبد-2017 Technologies such as genome sequencing, gene expression
profiling, proteomic and metabolomic analyses, electronic
medical records, and patient-reported health information
have produced large amounts of data from various populations, cell types, and disorders (big data). However,
these data must be integrated and analyzed if they are to
produce models or concepts about physiological function
or mechanisms of pathogenesis. Many of these data are
available to the public, allowing researchers anywhere to
search for markers of specific biological processes or
therapeutic targets for specific diseases or patient types.
We review recent advances in the fields of computational
and systems biology and highlight opportunities for
researchers to use big data sets in the fields of gastroenterology and hepatology to complement traditional means
of diagnostic and therapeutic discovery.
Keywords: Big Data | Translational Bioinformatics | Drug Repurposing | Precision Medicine. |
مقاله انگلیسی |
9 |
نیازهای حمایتی والدین فرزند مبتلا به بیماری مزمن کلیه: یک مطالعه گروه تمرکز
سال انتشار: 2017 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 8 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 21 پیشینه: والدین کودکان دارای بیماری مزمن کلیه (CKD) نقشی اساسی در مدیریت بیماری فرزندشان دارند. بار مسئولیت این والدین زیاد است: آنها اغلب خسته و افسرده می شوند و سطوح بالایی از استرس و کیفیت پایینی از زندگی را تجربه می کنند، چیزی که می تواند تاثیری منفی روی نتایج سلامتی فرزندشان داشته باشد. حمایت با هدف پیشگیری و کاهش بار استرس والدین، امری ضروریست. بنابراین لازم است در مورد مشکلات و نیازهای حمایتی این والدین اطلاعات مناسبی داشت.
هدف: هدف ما توصیف نیازهای حمایتی والدین در مورد مشکلاتی است که در داشتن بچه ای با CKD تجربه می کنند. روشها: پنج مصاحبه گروه تمرکز روی والدین بچه هایی انجام می گیرد که: (1) بیماری کلیوی ارثی دارند، (2) دارای سندروم نفروتیک یا کلیوی اند، (3) دارای مشکل مزمن کبدی اند، (4) از دیالیز استفاده می کنند، و (5) پیوند کلیه داشته اند. این کودکان در بخش نفرولوژی کودکان در یک بیمارستان دانشگاهی در هلند تحت درمان هستند. داده ها به لحاظ معنایی تحلیل می شوند. نتایج: بیست و یک والد در گروههای تمرکز شرکت می کنند. والدین نیازمند اطلاعات بیشتری در مورد CKD فرزندشان و گزینه های درمانند، و عادات و کارشان را مدیریت می نمایند. همچنین، والدین نیازمند حمایت احساسی از طرف همسر، خانواده، دوستان، همسالان و پرسنل خدمات د رمانی هستند تا به آنها کمک شود با بیماری فرزند شان کنار بیایند. به همین صورت، والدین نیازمند حمایت عملی اند تا بتوانند مراقبت و حمایت خود را در مورد مسائل مالی و حمل و نقل و در مورد حضور فرزندشان در مدرسه انجام دهند. نتیجه: نیازهای مربوط به متعادل سازی زندگی شخصی، به ندرت توسط والدین صورت می گیرد، چون به نیازهای فرزند شان بیشتر اهمیت و اولویت می دهند. بنابراین اهمیت دارد که پرسنل خدمات درمانی به توانایی های والدین در مورد مدیریت بیماری فرزندشان توجه کرده، و روی قابلیت های آنها در تعادل سازی مسئولیت های شان به عنوان مراقبت کننده، با زندگی شخصی خودشان تمرکز نمایند. واژگان کلیدی: فرزند | بیماری های کلیوی | ارزیابی نیازها | والدین | تحقیق کیفی | خودمراقبتی |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
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The Human Microbiota in Health and Disease
میکروبیولوژیک انسان در سلامت و بیماری-2017 Trillions of microbes have evolved with and continue to live on and within human beings. A variety of
environmental factors can affect intestinal microbial imbalance, which has a close relationship with human
health and disease. Here, we focus on the interactions between the human microbiota and the host
in order to provide an overview of the microbial role in basic biological processes and in the development
and progression of major human diseases such as infectious diseases, liver diseases, gastrointestinal
cancers, metabolic diseases, respiratory diseases, mental or psychological diseases, and autoimmune
diseases. We also review important advances in techniques associated with microbial research, such as
DNA sequencing, metabonomics, and proteomics combined with computation-based bioinformatics.
Current research on the human microbiota has become much more sophisticated and more comprehensive.
Therefore, we propose that research should focus on the host-microbe interaction and on causeeffect
mechanisms, which could pave the way to an understanding of the role of gut microbiota in
health and disease, and provide new therapeutic targets and treatment approaches in clinical practice.
Keywords: Microbiome | Health | Infectious disease | Liver diseases | Gastrointestinal malignancy | Metabolic disorder | Microbiota technology | Probiotics |
مقاله انگلیسی |