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نتیجه جستجو - کشورهای در حال توسعه

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 51
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Methodological and empirical challenges of SEEA EEA in developing contexts: Towards ecosystem service accounts in the Kyrgyz Republic
چالش های روش شناختی و تجربی SEEA EEA در زمینه های توسعه: به سمت حساب های خدمات اکوسیستم در جمهوری قرقیزستان-2021
The System of Environmental-Economic Accounting Experimental Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EEA) represents a crucial approach to incorporate the assessment of the sustainable use of natural resources and ecosystems into decision- and policy-making. However, its application is constrained by challenges distinct across specific implementation contexts, including those present in developing nations. In this paper, we focus on a pilot SEEA EEA application in a local-scale case study in Kyzyl Unkur, Jalal-Abad region, the Kyrgyz Republic, characterized by a unique natural walnut forest. We summarize key methodological and empirical challenges identified through collaboration with local experts and stakeholders during the compilation of Supply and Use tables for selected ecosystem services (ES) relevant at local, national and global levels. Specifically, we focus on the methodological challenges related to a) defining and assigning benefits for own consumption; b) delineating the chain of ES flows (e.g., fodder for farm animals); c) uncovering the relevance of carbon sequestration in developing nation contexts which are often minor greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters and demand for the service lies mostly beyond their boundaries. Among empirical challenges, we highlight the issues of data collection and availability. The aim of this communication is to provide lessons learnt from building SEEA EEA accounts in a developing, data-scarce context, potentially transferable to other similar applications.
keywords: حسابداری خدمات اکوسیستم | سیستم زیست محیطی و اقتصادی | حسابداری | کشور در حال توسعه | حسابداری زیست محیطی | Ecosystem service accounting | SYSTEM of Environmental and Economic | Accounting | Developing country | Environmental accounting
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Innovation for sustainability in the Global South: bibliometric findings from management & business and STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) fields in developing countries
نوآوری برای پایداری در جنوب جهانی: یافته های کتاب سنجی از مدیریت و تجارت و زمینه های STEM (علم، فناوری، مهندسی و ریاضیات) در کشورهای در حال توسعه-2021
Research on innovation and sustainability is prolific but fragmented. This study integrates the research on innovation in management and business and STEM fields for sustainability in a unified framework for the case of developing countries (i.e., the Global South). It presents and discusses the output, impact, and structure of such research based on a sample of 14,000 þ articles and conference proceedings extracted from the bibliographic database Scopus. The findings reveal research output inflections after global announcements such as UN-Earth Summits. The study also reveals the indisputable leadership of China in overall output and research agendasetting. Nonetheless, countries such as India, Mexico, and Nigeria are either more efficient or impactful. GS research published in highly reputable journals is still scarce but increasing modestly. Central topic clusters (e.g., knowledge management) remain peripheral to the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) research landscape. Finally, academic-corporate collaboration is in its infancy and limited to particular economic sectors: energy, pharmaceuticals, and high-tech.
keywords: نوآوری | پایداری | مدیریت | کشورهای در حال توسعه | اتصال کتابشناختی | Innovation | Sustainability | Management | STEM | Developing countries | Bibliographic coupling
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Blockchain and sustainable supply chain management in developing countries
بلاکچین و مدیریت پایدار زنجیره تامین در کشورهای در حال توسعه-2021
Theoretical, empirical and anecdotal evidence suggests that there are more violations of sustainability principles in supply chains in developing countries than in developed countries. Recent research has demonstrated that blockchain can play an important role in promoting supply chain sustainability. In this paper we argue that blockchain’s characteristics are especially important for enforcing sustainability standards in developing coun- tries. We analyze multiple case studies of blockchain projects implemented in supply chains in developing countries to assess product quality, environmental accounting and social impact measurement. We have developed seven propositions, which describe how blockchain can help address a number of challenges various stakeholders face in promoting sustainable supply chains in developing countries. The challenges that the propositions deal with include those associated with an unfavorable institutional environment, high costs, technological limitations, unequal power distribution among supply chain partners and porosity and opacity of value delivery networks.
Keywords: Blockchain | Developing countries | Ethical dilemmas | Institutions | Smart contract | Supply chain | Sustainability | Traceability
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Accounting for repetition and dropout in contemporaneous cross-section learning profiles: Evidence from Rwanda
حسابداری برای تکرار و رها کردن در پروفایل های یادگیری مقطع مقطع مقطعی: شواهد از رواندا-2021
How much do children learn in a year of school? Longitudinal data that tracks children over time is scarce in developing countries, and so recent studies estimate learning profiles by comparing the ability of people with different amounts of schooling, at a single point in time. Such estimates of the effect of schooling on learning may be biased upwards by not controlling for repetition and dropout. In this paper I estimate contemporaneous cross- section learning profiles for Rwanda, using data from a nationally representative survey of 3053 children aged six to eighteen. I show how adjusting this learning profile for the total number of years enrolled in school (ac- counting for repetition and dropout), using detailed schooling histories, reduces the average amount learnt per year by over 60 percent. The learning profile for Rwanda is not just too flat, but flatter than previous estimates suggest.
keywords: یادگیری | ارزیابی | رواندا | تکرار | Learning | Assessment | Rwanda | Repetition
مقاله انگلیسی
5 The use of fishers’ knowledge to assess benthic resource abundance across management regimes in Chilean artisanal fisheries
استفاده از دانش ماهیگیران برای ارزیابی فراوانی منابع بنیادی در رژیم های مدیریت در شیلات صنایع شیلی-2021
Globally, marine fisheries remain largely unassessed, particularly small-scale fisheries in developing countries. Fishers’ knowledge has proven to be valuable to help fill gaps of information in otherwise unassessed fisheries. This study tested the reliability of fishers’ knowledge to estimate the abundance of two benthic resources, locos (Concholepas concholepas) and keyhole limpets (Fissurella spp.), across two management regimes, territorial user rights for fisheries (TURF) and open access areas (OAA), over ~500 km of coastline in central Chile. Fishers’ knowledge (FK) was quantified using systematic interviews and compared to direct assessments (DA). Addi- tionally, resource abundance was compared between the fishing regimes, considering regions with different concentration of TURFs (and consequently different availability of OAAs). The results show that abundances estimated by the two methods were highly consistent for the most valuable resource (the loco) and quite reliable for the keyhole limpet (for 67% of the comparisons). Abundances of both resources were higher in TURFs than in OAAs, a pattern detected by both FK and DA. The results clearly show the potential of this approach to be applied for the Chilean benthic fisheries over large scales. Interestingly, the results also show significantly lower abundance of locos in OAAs than in TURFs at coves immersed in zones with low availability of open access fishing grounds, suggesting the influence of effort displacement after the implementation of TURFs. This ancillary result highlights the need for seascape management plans that consider the potential, unintended ef- fects of TURFs on resources beyond their boundaries. These findings are of both local and global interest, sup- porting the use of FK to inform management in unassessed small-scale fisheries.
keywords: ادراک فیشر | گرفتن هر واحد تلاش | حقوق کاربر ارضی | جابجایی تلاش | ماهیگیری در مقیاس کوچک | خرگوش | Fishers’ perception | Catch per unit of effort | Territorial user rights | Effort displacement | Small-scale fisheries | Shellfish
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Charting the development of the Egyptian accounting profession (1946–2016): An analysis of the State-Profession dynamics
نمودار توسعه حرفه حسابداری مصر (1946-2016): تحلیلی از پویایی دولت-حرفه ای-2021
This paper mobilises notions of professional closure and political economy to analyse the development of the Egyptian accounting profession (1946–2016). We rely on interviews with Egyptian Society of Accountants and Auditors (ESAA) board members, government officials, representatives of international/local firms, and academics. Legislative documents (particularly Accounting Practice Law 133/1951), regulations and publications were also analysed. Established since 1946, ESAA’s initial attempts to embed an ‘Anglo-American’ professional model were curtailed by the newly independent State enabling non-credentialed and relatively less experienced native practitioners to be registered as qualified accountants. The State’s influence persisted during the socialist period of nationalisation with a de-emphasising of the accounting profession as an occupational group. The early stages of market capitalism witnessed attempts to redevelop a private-sector-led profession with the support of international organisations, which re-asserted the dominant position of ESAA members. However, government, ESAA and international agencies’ efforts to repeal the original Accounting Practice Law and achieve market closure for the primary benefit of ESAA members were thwarted by political pressure from non-ESAA accountants. Nonetheless, ESAA eventually secured privileged access to the listed firms’ audit market. This paper aims to enhance our understanding of changing State-led priorities on accounting professionalization in African developing countries.
keywords: مصر | حرفه ای سازی | حسابداری | کشورهای در حال توسعه | Egypt | Professionalization | Accounting | Developing countries
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Strengthening science, technology, and innovation-based incubators to help achieve Sustainable Development Goals : Lessons from India
تقویت علم، فن آوری، و رشد مبتنی بر نوآوری برای کمک به دستیابی اهداف توسعه پایدار: درس هایی از هند-2020
Policymakers in developing countries increasingly see science, technology, and innovation (STI) as an avenue for meeting sustainable development goals (SDGs), with STI-based startups as a key part of these efforts. Market failures call for government interventions in supporting STI for SDGs and publicly-funded incubators can potentially fulfil this role. Using the specific case of India, we examine how publicly-funded incubators could contribute to strengthening STI-based entrepreneurship. Indias STI policy and its links to societal goals span multiple decades—but since 2015 these goals became formally organized around the SDGs. We examine why STI-based incubators were created under different policy priorities before 2015, the role of public agencies in implementing these policies, and how some incubators were particularly effective in addressing the societal challenges that can now be mapped to SDGs. We find that effective incubation for supporting STI-based entrepreneurship to meet societal goals extended beyond traditional incubation activities. For STI-based incubators to be effective, policymakers must strengthen the ‘incubation system’. This involves incorporating targeted SDGs in specific incubator goals, promoting coordination between existing incubator programs, developing a performance monitoring system, and finally, extending extensive capacity building at multiple levels including for incubator managers and for broader STI in the country.
Keywords: Science technology and innovation | developing countries | entrepreneurship | incubators | public policy | sustainable development goals | science policy
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Factors influencing the adoption of mHealth services in a developing country: A patient-centric study
عوامل مؤثر بر اتخاذ خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی در یک کشور در حال توسعه: یک مطالعه بیمار محور-2020
mHealth under the umbrella of eHealth has become an essential tool for providing quality, accessible and equal health care services at an affordable cost. Despite the potential benefits of mHealth, its adoption remains a big challenge in developing countries such as Bangladesh. This study aims to examine the factors affecting the adoption of mHealth services in Bangladesh by using the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model with perceived reliability and price value factors. It also examines the moderating effect of gender on the intention to use and on the actual usage behavior of users of mHealth services. A wellstructured face-to-face survey was employed to collect the data. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with a partial least squares method was used to analyze the data collected from 296 generation Y participants. The results confirmed that performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions and perceived reliability positively influence the behavioral intention to adopt mHealth services. However, effort expectancy and price value did not have a significance influence on the behavioral intention. Moreover, Gender has a significant moderating effect on mHealth services adoption in certain cases. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications of this study are also discussed.
Keywords: mHealth | Developing countries | UTAUT model | Generation Y | Bangladesh
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Co-production of knowledge and adaptation to water scarcity in developing countries
تولید دانش و سازگاری با کمبود آب در کشورهای در حال توسعه-2020
Dwindling of freshwater resources is a harsh reality of the arid and semi-arid regions of the world and climate change is expected to deteriorate their situation through major reduction of freshwater supplies. Co-production of knowledge, through active negotiation of experts, government and local stakeholders has been used as a strategy to adapt to water scarcity. However, in many developing countries, co-production of knowledge is not common and adaptation efforts rarely reflects the plurality of involved knowledge sources and actors. Given the urgent need of transition towards water-efficient agricultural practices, the Iran’s government applied the knowledge co-production approach and implemented an integrated participatory crop management (IPCM) project in the Bakian village, Fars province. The objectives of this study were to analyze the knowledge coproduction process, identify the factors contributing to adoption of the co-produced knowledge and investigate the corresponding social, economic and environmental impacts. A mixed-method research was conducted comprising a case study on 19 informants selected using purposive sampling and a survey of 150 rice producers selected through systematic random sampling. The results indicated the relevance and pertinence of knowledge co-production in recognizing the real problems of the rice producers and suggesting some potential adaptive strategies. Though a wide range of natural, financial, technical, institutional and structural constraints restricted adoption of the proposed adaptive strategies, application of the co-produced knowledge significantly increased water productivity, ensured higher yields and farm-based sustainable livelihoods, and enhanced resilience of the farm households under water scarcity. Some recommendations and implications are offered to increase adaptation of farm families to water scarcity.
Keywords: Co-production of knowledge | Adaptation | Water scarcity | Climate change | Integrated participatory crop management | Impact assessment
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Sustainable reverse logistics scorecards for the performance measurement of informal e-waste businesses
کارت امتیازی تدارکات معکوس پایدار برای اندازه گیری عملکرد مشاغل غیررسمی پسماندهای الکترونیکی-2020
Many countries depend on businesses in reverse chains to tackle the environmental pollution caused by the tremendous amount of e-waste. Furthermore, due to the domination of informal businesses in many developing countries, environmental rules are not considered during operation, and these violations tend to affect public health adversely. The government in these developing countries finds it difficult to manage and utilize e-waste due to insufficient resources properly. The existing performance measures are only appropriate for imple- mentation in developed countries with the inability to assess informal e-waste businesses in developing countries. Therefore, to address this gap, this research proposes sustainable reverse logistics scorecards (SRLS) to identify informal e-waste businesses performance. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with eleven experts, questionnaire survey with one hundred eighty-six informal e-waste businesses in Indonesia using the snowball sampling method and by measurement identification using the statistical descriptive analysis such as mean, geometric mean, mode, and sign-test median including experts confirmation. The results showed that there are twenty-two parameters from six perspectives namely financial, stakeholders value, internal business processes, innovation and growth, environment, and social. These parameters can be used as a performance measurement following government regulation and adjusting the motivation, strategy, capability, and activities of informal e- waste businesses. They are also useful for practical assessment and decision purposes, such as process safety and economic impact evaluation of businesses with the ability to create job opportunities, satisfy employees, and provide persuasive incentives. The balance between environment, welfare, and e-waste management is realized through SRLS. We suggested that other researchers use these parameters to assess the performance of informal e- waste throughout Indonesia and the government considered these parameters to assess them before deciding to collaborate for handling e-waste problems.
Keywords: Performance measurement | Sustainable reverse logistics scorecard | Informal electronic waste businesses | Developing countries | Sustainable development | Waste | Sustainable business | Operations management | Logistics | Business management | Family business | Business | Environmental science
مقاله انگلیسی
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