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Tourism and ‘dirt’: A case study of WWOOF farms in New Zealand
گردشگری و "کثافت": یک مطالعه موردی روی زمین های کشاورزی WWOOF در نیوزیلند-2018 Tourism research on host-guest relations in non-profit exchange programmes remains scant. Using a case study of WWOOF farms in New Zealand, this paper examines the experiences of farmers and volunteers (‘WWOOFers’) in the Worldwide Opportunities on Organic Farms (WWOOF) programme. Using qualitative methods that privileged participants voices, the research aimed to uncover the nature of the host-guest relationship in non-for-profit tourism. The key theme of ‘dirt’ is explored in this paper to illustrate both the physical nature of the voluntary farm work and the perceived exploitation of volunteers that are reported to characterise this experience. Overall, the findings challenge the idealistic aims of this type of volunteer tourism exchange programme that is usually reported in tourism literature. Specifically, the findings indicate the tensions of economic and ethical accountability within the WWOOF network and its community. The paper contributes to tourism studies research by providing a further understanding of the experiences shaping the relations and tensions between hosts and guests in this non-profit exchange programme.
keywords: WWOOF |Volunteer tourism |Host-guest relations |Ethical accountability |Dirt |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Contextualizing the complexities of managing alternative tourism at the community-level: A case study of a nordic eco-village
محاسبه پیچیدگی های مدیریت گردشگری جایگزین در سطح جامعه: مطالعه موردی یک روستای زیست محیطی شمال شرقی-2017 To shed light on the complexities of fostering sustainability through alternative tourism, we explore the
managerial contradictions and difficulties that arise as alternative tourism is developed in the name of
sustainability at Solheimar eco-village in Iceland. Following a focused ethnographic approach, we
establish that those behind the management of volunteers, students and other guests regularly struggle
to coordinate these respective groups in a manner that balances economic objectives with those relating
to the environment and social equity. This is because limited human resources and strategic knowledge
exist to fulfill all the host communitys goals through alternative tourism. The findings reveal the need to
conceptualize alternative tourism as a forum for discussion between host and guest over the complex
ities of generating sustainable development. This highlights the need for knowledge transmission over
matters such as conflict resolution, critical reflection and cultural communication associated with the
tourist experience at the community.
Keywords: Sustainability | Alternative tourism | Iceland | Volunteer tourism | Focused ethnography |
مقاله انگلیسی |